FRANCHISE Essays (397 words) - Franchises, Contract Law, Marketing

Establishment Establishment is a sort of permit that a franchisee gets to permit them to approach a business's/the franchisor proprietorship information, procedures and trademarks so as to permit the franchisee to sell an item or offer a support under the business' name. In return for picking up the establishment, the franchisee for the most part pays the franchisor an underlying beginning up and yearly authorizing charges. Establishments are an exceptionally well known technique for individuals to begin a business, particularly for the individuals who wish to work in a profoundly serious industry like the cheap food industry. Perhaps the greatest bit of leeway of buying an establishment is that you approach a built up organization's image name; implying that you don't have to spend further assets to get your name and item out to clients. A case of establishment is McDonald. At the hour of distribution, this universal snappy assistance eatery organization has more than 75 percent of its overall eateries autonomously claimed. Entrepreneurs can buy another or existing eatery. An underlying up front installment is required, and the remainder of the expense can be financed for as long as seven years. During the particulars of the establishment understanding, continuous charges incorporate lease and administration expenses. A portion of the characteristics the organization is searching for in a franchisee are business experience, a worthy financial record, eagerness to finish the organization's exhaustive preparing program and adequate fluid resources for put resources into the business. HOLDING COMPANY Holding Company is an organization that is made to purchase and claims the portions of different organizations. A holding organization exists to control another organization, which may likewise be an enterprise, constrained association or restricted risk organization, as opposed to deliver its own merchandise or administrations. Holding organizations likewise exist to possess property, for example, land, licenses, trademarks, stocks and different resources. On the off chance that a business is 100% claimed by a holding organization. A case of a holding organization is Advertising Agencies. In the days portrayed in the TV arrangement Crazy people, promoting organizations kept a large portion of their endeavors in house. Today, with such a large number of news sources from which potential clients can pick, publicizing organizations go about as holding organizations, possessing and controlling littler organizations that can have some expertise in one part of showcasing. These holding organizations additionally frequently control little promoting studios that create sites, print advertisements and TV plugs.

Theoretical and Practical Knowledge free essay sample

Section three, Conceptual Framework of the investigation, presents the example whereupon the examination is tied down. Section four, Statement of the Problem, gives the general and explicit issues to be replied by the analyst. Section five, Assumption as well as Hypothesis lists the particular issues or potentially what is to be existing. Section six, Definition of Terms, gives the applied and operational significance of the significant terms use in the investigation. Section seven, Significance of the Study, refers to from the advantages that could be gotten from the consequences of the investigation. Section eight, Delimitation of the Study, indicates the degree and inclusion of the investigation. Foundation of the Study People are the best asset of each nation and the best specialists of progress, nonetheless, except if the individuals are furnished with basic information, aptitudes and right mentalities, these capacities can never be a reality. To become powerful operator and supervisor of progress, individuals must be instructed. They should be furnished with the information, aptitudes and right perspectives and qualities not exclusively to work and live well in the public eye, yet in addition to be inventive, gainful and valuable residents of the nation. These capacities are most viably evolved in individuals through instruction. Camarao, 1991). As per President Ramos (1995), HR improvement is an essential worry in the mission for worldwide seriousness. Indeed the legislature must upgrade and hone the people’s capacities so as to adapt to quick changing worldwide condition especially in the field of instruction. The twenty-first century has arrived, and it is getting clear with it, will come logical and specialized advances that will keep on changing numerous things. All parts of our way of life are as of now being influenced by the â€Å"computer revolution†. Individuals are by and large persistently affected as innovation changes our instructive framework, economy, social framework, government, openings for work, and inventive articulations. Except if you expect to be a loner, PCs will influence you. So as to set up our selves for this exceptionally specialized twenty-first century, people should be actually proficient and acquainted with the instruments of the day-hardware PCs. A few specialists feel that, in the end, the individual who doesn't have the foggiest idea how to utilize a PC will be similarly as impaired in playing out their activity as the individual today who can't peruse. With this contemplations, the specialist are enlivened to lead an examination that would decide the hypothetical and down to earth information in PC of the third year Bachelor in Secondary Education understudies who are majoring Computer Education. Survey of Literature A PC is an electronic gadget intended to control information with the goal that helpful data can be created. It is a machine from multiple points of view like different machines. It runs on power. It contains number of parts that cooperate. It is intended to play out specific assignments. As a device, the PC has extraordinarily affected the sums and sorts of information that individuals most have. The PC capacity to help answer questions, gain data and take care of complex issues has made a general public ward upon PC innovations. Today, essential aptitudes in figuring are getting vital for work balance. PC education is a term use to depict a general comprehension of electronic processing. The aptitudes should have been considered â€Å"computer literate† change with each new improvement in the innovation. Since their presentation in schools in the mid 1980s PCs and PC programming have been progressively available to understudies and educators in study halls, PCs labs, school libraries, and outside of school. By the mid-1990s there were around 4. 5 million PCs in basic and auxiliary schools all through the United States. Schools purchase Macintosh and IBM †good PCs solely, albeit about portion of their stock is made out of PCs dependent on more established structure, for example, the Apple lle. Understudies spend on the normal an hour of the week utilizing school PCs. PCs can be utilized for learning and educating in school in any event four different ways. To begin with, learning includes obtaining data. PCs particularly connected to CD-ROMs and videodisks that electronically stores a huge number of articles, visual pictures, and sounds-empower understudies to look through what could be compared to a reference book or a video library to respond to their own inquiries or just to peruse through a labyrinth of intriguing and outwardly engaging data. Second, learning includes the dynamic improvement of abilities like perusing and science aptitudes that are essential scholastic empowering agents. Programming called â€Å"Computer-Assisted Instructions†(CAI) suggests conversation starters to understudies and contrasts each answer and a solitary right answer. Normally, such projects react to wrong answer with a clarification and another, comparable issue. At times CAI programs are installed in an engaging game like setting that holds understudies intrigue but then keeps up understudy consideration on scholarly work. Most CAI programs spread constrained materials, however some huge scope, multiyear perusing and science educational plans have been created. Third, learning includes the advancement of a wide assortment of expository abilities and complex comprehension. PCs assist understudies with accomplishing those objectives through programming, for example, word processors (to explain ideas and analyze guesses in arithmetic), electronic canvas and PC helped drafting (CAD) programs, music arrangement programs, reenactments of social situations and projects that gather information from science research facility gear and help in its examination. At last, a huge component in learning is speaking with others finding and drawing in a group of people with one’s thoughts and questions. A few sort of PC programming can be utilized in schools for correspondences: work area distributing and picture altering programming for making proficient quality pieces of literature, PC programming dialects, for example, HyperCard for making intelligent PC activities, and media communications programming for trading thoughts at electronic velocities with understudies in different study halls everywhere throughout the world. Notwithstanding the assortment and intensity of instruction related PC programming, reviews have indicated that understudies are as yet utilizing school PCs principally inside a restricted scope of the conceivable PC applications †for the most part to rehearse fundamental language and math aptitudes and to find out about PCs and PC programming. This is fundamentally the same as how understudies utilized the primary school microcomputers back in the mid 1980s. The significant change between the 1980s, and today in PC use has been a decreased accentuation on instructing understudies to program PCs and an expanded accentuation on training word preparing and comparable PC applications. Just a little level of optional school classes in customary subjects (Math, English, and Science) furnish understudies with significant involvement with utilizing PCs. More grade school understudies use PCs than do secondary school understudies, yet their utilization is fairly less broad. Indeed, even secondary school understudies experience PCs for the most part as another arrangement of aptitudes to ace, as opposed to utilizing them profitably to achieve understanding and to show skill in different subjects. There are a few reasons why most students’ utilization of school PCs is so constrained in time and assortment. The quantity of school PCs, albeit as yet developing, is little contrasted and the quantity of understudies present in schools (about one to ten). Schools keep on finding a larger part of their PCs in specific, educator shared spaces like PC labs so as to empower whatever number understudies as could be expected under the circumstances to have some involvement with utilizing PCs, yet this these training hinders coordinating PCs into other learning exercises. Most ordinary study halls, on the off chance that they have any PCs whatsoever, have just a couple of, which blocks coordinating PCs access for whole homerooms of understudies. Another issue is the constrained limit of most school PCs. Aside from the numerous more established PCs in school, even a considerable lot of the more current models have constrained preparing power, deficient PC memory, and an absence of capacity abilities, for example, hard plate drives and CD-ROM player. Thus a great part of the most as of late created, most complex programming can't be utilized on most schools PCs. What's more, most instructor with duty regarding showing five classes of understudies or for showing a wide range of subjects-don't have the opportunity to figure out how to utilize a wide assortment of sorts of programming in their educating. The more mind boggling the product, the more troublesome it is for instructor to figure out how to deal with its utilization. At last, the expense of both PC equipment and programming is a lot more prominent than the expense of conventional educating and learning materials. Because of the troubles that schools have had in misusing the capability of the PC innovation, a few pundits consider PC to be as just the most recent in a progression of ineffective endeavors to reform instruction using sound and outwardly arranged non print media. For instance, movies, communicate TVs, filmstrips, sound recorders, and video types were all initially proclaimed for their instructional potential, yet each of these eventually turned into a minor homeroom device close by ordinary techniques. Supporters accept, in any case, that PCs are a considerably more impressive learning medium than the instructional gadgets that went before them. They refer to the basic intelligent nature of utilizing PCs customized to incite dynamic and controls of visual situations. Learning errands can turn out to be increasingly individualized, empowering every understudy to get prompt input. Specialists state that having understudies work cooperatively on PCs prompts more prominent activity and progressively self-governing le

Communication Strategy of Zara-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucss about the Communication Strategy of Zara. Answer: Presentation Business correspondence to a great extent decides the accomplishment of the association, as viable business correspondence gives a chance to the organization to guarantee an away from of data inside the association alongside speaking with the objective clients for selling the items. Along these lines, successful business correspondence helps in increasing an upper hand by imparting the items effectively with the clients (Bovee, Thill and Raina 2016). This report presents the correspondence technique of Zara, a main Spanish design line that is universally settled. The correspondence systems incorporate publicizing, kinds of advanced channel and sorts of computerized media the association utilizes for imparting. Review of the association Zara is a globally acclaimed Spanish attire and extras retailer previously settled in 1975. Massimo Dutti, PullBear, Bershka, Zara Home and Oysho are the significant style brands possessed by Zara. The business association oversees up to 20 garments assortments in 2017. Zara is a worldwide dress and adornment retailer with its branches present far and wide (Zara.com, 2017). The garments and embellishments of Zara of exceptionally or premium valued that for the most part targets clients with higher salary gathering. Be that as it may, Zara likewise has an apparel line for normal individuals. In this mechanical age, the organization utilizes computerized channels and advanced media to convey their items to the objective clients. Zara has utilized computerized publicizing for connecting the different clients around the globe alongside giving on the web client administrations (Zara.com, 2017). Correspondence methodology of Zara Distinguishing the intended interest group at first is the most urgent part of correspondence technique that should be led by Zara. Zara speaks with the objective clients through promoting efforts that incorporate print media and TV. Print media and TV are conventional strategies for correspondence that is utilized by the business associations for educating the objective clients about the most recent items and offers (Guffey and Loewy 2012). For instance, Zara publicizes about the items and offers through ads during the prime show times. This is an insightful correspondence technique utilized by Zara, as the organization can catch the eye of a few clients because of the show times. Be that as it may, unexpectedly, promoting through TV plugs forbid Zara to connect with the adolescent and youthful clients, as they don't incline toward sitting in front of the TV much. Accordingly, the organization flops in pulling in the adolescent and youthful clients by TV and print media ad. In addition, print media brings about extra charges of printing the notice, paper cost and conveyance cost that Zara can spare by settling o n advanced media and computerized channels as their correspondence procedure (De Mooji 2013). In this innovatively propelled age with the most extreme utilization of computerized media, Zara inclines toward utilizing advanced channels, for example, site bulletin and messages as one of their correspondence system. The utilization of site pamphlet is a financially savvy technique for speaking with the clients, as this spares the cost that was caused for conventional promoting (Huang et al. 2013). Accordingly, the utilization of site pamphlet is savvy for Zara, as the organization spares the expense of paper, printing, postage, and dispersion. In addition, the utilization of site pamphlet is another method for directing people to the organization site (Ayman and Kaya 2014). For instance, Zara has colossal online traffic, as the clients are upbeat and fulfilled to get day by day refreshes about their preferred image in a flash in this way, impacting their buy choice. Moreover, site pamphlet is a cheap and exact strategy that is utilized by Zara for speaking with the objective cli ents since this expands the perceivability of the brand for the objective clients. Email promoting tackles the natural issues of advertising issues for Zara for the non-focused on showcasing. Email advertising gives a chance to Zara to speak with the objective clients paying little heed to the area of the clients. In addition, email advertising likewise gives a chance to Zara to modify the messages sent to the individual clients in this way, cultivating a higher pace of discussion. Sending customized messages to singular clients cause them to feel noteworthy for the brand along these lines, permitting Zara to make faithful clients (Salehi et al. 2012). Email advertising permits Zara to expand the brand mindfulness for the objective clients in this manner, expanding the deals. For instance, when the clients need items from Zara, email advertising stands a superior chance of transforming those leads into customers and the customers to steadfast clients. In todays world, email promoting is an absolute necessity, as this gives a chance to Zara to speak with their clien ts paying little mind to the time, area, language, and inclinations. Email showcasing is shareable, valid, and quantifiable and the most financially savvy approach that Zara utilizes for speaking with the objective clients (Castronovo and Huang 2012). Right now, computerized media or online networking is one of the best approaches to interface and speak with the objective clients one an individual level (Aral, Dellarocas and Godes 2013). In this manner, not just Zara has a record on one of the web based life, for example, Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp yet works on different online life. Web based life is an intelligent stage that gives a chance to the business association to share photographs, recordings, sounds and data between the general web clients and the objective clients (Kwok and Yu 2013). In this feature serious market, the Spanish organization, Zara is available on the most mainstream advanced media stages, for example, Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. The internet based life stages utilized by Zara contain subtleties of their most recent garments line, offers, and limits with respect to the brand. In this advanced age lion's share of the populace is available and profoundly dynamic via web-based networking media s tages. Reports propose that 80% of the web clients are exceptionally dynamic in Facebook in this manner, having more than 1.85 million clients (Shen and Bissell 2013). In this manner, the significant bit of leeway for Zara of utilizing Facebook for publicizing the items is that the clients use it every day. Subsequently, the Zara can keep up a compelling correspondence with the objective clients through Facebook. In addition, the utilization of Facebook gives a chance to Zara to connect the specific clients alongside focusing on new clients in this way, developing the client base. The utilization of Facebook notice is amazingly practical for Zara, as by utilizing only $5, the organization can arrive at in excess of 1000 individuals (Treadaway and Smith 2012). The utilization of Instagram for Zara is additionally valuable for speaking with the objective clients as Facebook and Instagram are associated with in excess of 700 million dynamic clients (Hu, Manikonda and Kambhaampati 2014). Additionally, the notice in Instagram is non-meddlesome in this manner, relieving the odds for Zara to pester or irritate the objective clients. Close by, the utilization Instagram promotion by Zara gives a chance to incorporate the use of Shopify effectively along these lines, selling the items immediately (Scott 2015). The utilization of WhatsApp will give a chance to Zara to draw in the objective clients effectively by sending broadcasting messages to the objective clients at a normal interim along these lines, keeping up compelling correspondence (Fouad 2017). End In this report, it tends to be inferred that Zara can utilize the utilization printing media, TV, computerized media and advanced channels as the correspondence procedures for speaking with the clients. The utilization of advanced media will spare Zara the expense of printing, paper, conveyance, and transport charges. In addition, the utilization of advanced media will help Zara to connect huge client base paying little mind to the area and time. The utilization of computerized promoting will likewise permit Zara to convey the objective clients about the most recent improvement about the organization, the items, offers, and limits in this way, keeping the objective clients educated and refreshed normally. References Aral, S., Dellarocas, C. what's more, Godes, D., 2013. Prologue to the unique issuesocial media and business change: a system for investigate. Data Systems Research, 24(1), pp.3-13. Ayman, U. what's more, Kaya, A.K., 2014. Utilization of marked style attire: Gender contrasts in conduct. Social Behavior and Personality, 42, p.1. Bovee, C.L., Thill, J.V. what's more, Raina, R.L., 2016. Business correspondence today. Pearson Education India. Castronovo, C. what's more, Huang, L., 2012. Online networking in an elective promoting correspondence model. Diary of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 6(1), p.117. De Mooij, M., 2013. Worldwide promoting and publicizing: Understanding social mysteries. Sage Publications. Fouad, N., 2017. Viral promoting impact on advanced information securing: WhatsApp as a model. Alexandria, 27(1), pp.10-29. Guffey, M.E. what's more, Loewy, D., 2012. Fundamentals of business correspondence. Cengage Learning. Hu, Y., Manikonda, L. what's more, Kambhampati, S., 2014, June. What We Instagram: A First Analysis of Instagram Photo Content and User Types. In Icwsm. Huang, J., Su, S., Zhou, L. also, Liu, X., 2013. Disposition toward the viral advertisement: Expanding conventional promoting models to intelligent publicizing. Diary of Interactive Marketing, 27(1), pp.36-46. Kwok, L. also, Yu, B., 2013. Spreading internet based life messages on Facebook: An examination of eatery business-to-buyer correspondences. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54(1), pp.84-94. Salehi, M., Mirzaei, H., Aghaei, M. also, Abyari, M., 2012. Uniqueness of E-advertising VS conventional promoting. Worldwide diary of scholastic research in busines

The Ideal Approach for Writing Papers

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Alzheimer s Disease And Its Effects - 1257 Words

Alzheimer’s in its Full Effect Alzheimer’s disease is named after German physician, Dr. Alois Alzheimer. In 1906, Dr. Alzheimer noticed changes that happened in the brain tissue of Auguste D., who had died of an unusual mental illness. Her symptoms included memory loss, language problems, and unpredictable behavior. So, what exactly is Alzheimer’s? It is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. Alzheimer’s has been detected in nearly 15% of people 71 years of age or older because it is caused by a genetic mutation, the disease gets worse over time, and there is currently no cure for it. Unfortunately, scientists do not fully†¦show more content†¦The Genetic Alzheimer’s disease form is extremely rare. A few hundred people have genes that directly contribute to Alzheimer’s disease. The majority of people with early-onset Alzh eimer’s disease have the common form of the disease. The disease will progress in roughly the same way as it does in older people with Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer’s disease leads to nerve cell death and tissue loss throughout the brain. Over time, the brain shrinks dramatically, affecting nearly all of its functions. In advanced Alzheimer’s, the surface layer that covers the cerebrum, shrinks and withers. This damage to the cortex destroys the normal ability to plan ahead, recall, and concentrate. Alzheimer’s also affects the hippocampus. This part of the brain plays an important role in memory. The disease causes the hippocampus to shrivel, which harms the brain’s ability to create new memories. The ability of doctors to diagnose the disease has improved in recent years, but a conclusive diagnosis can be established only when autopsy or brain biopsy shows that nerve cell loss has occurred in the parts of the brain associated with cognitive funct ioning (Alzheimer’s Disease). Alzheimer’s typically follows certain stages which will bring changes in the affected person’s and family’s lives. Because the disease affects each individual differently, the order in which they appear, and the duration of each stage

The New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration - 1547 Words

Kamoya Higgins June 3rd, 2017 SSP101 Final Michelle Alexander is a noble civil rights advocate and writer. She is best known for her 2010 book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the age of colorblindness. Michelle Alexander writes that the many gains of the civil rights movement have been undermined by the mass incarceration of black Americans in the war on drugs. She says that although Jim Crow laws are now off the books, millions of blacks arrested for minor crimes remain marginalized and disfranchised, trapped by a criminal justice system that has forever branded them as felons and denied them basic rights and opportunities that would allow them to become productive, law-abiding citizens. In modern day, it is evident that†¦show more content†¦I expended much energy in rage and frustration of how this system came to be and is allowed to continue that I needed the frequent re-focus. About two-thirds of the way in, she offers this summation: This, in brief, is how the system works: The War on Drugs is the vehicle through which extraordinary numbers of black men are forced into the cage. The entrapment occurs in three distinct phases . . . The first stage is the roundup. Vast numbers of people are swept into the criminal justice system by the police, who conduct drug operations primarily in poor communities of color. †¦ The conviction marks the beginning of the second phase: the period of formal control. Once arrested, defendants are generally denied meaningful legal representation and pressured to plead guilty whether they are or not. †¦The final stage has been dubbed by some advocates as the period of invisible punishment. †¦ a form of punishment that operates largely outside of public view and takes effect outside the traditional sentencing framework. . . and collectively ensures that the offenders will never integrate into mainstream, white society. One of the most thought-provoking issues raised in The New Jim Crow is the concept of colorblindness, and how Martin Luther King’s call to create a society where people are not judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character has been badly distorted byShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1370 Words   |  6 Pagesunrecognizable ways that fit into the fabric of the American society to render it nearly invisible to the majority of Americans. Michelle Alexander, in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness shatters this dominantly held belief. The New Jim Crow makes a reader profoundly question whether the high rates of incarceration in the United States is an attempt to maintain blacks as an underclass. Michelle Alexander makes the assertion that â€Å"[w]e have not ended racial caste in America;Read MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1361 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness The premise of the ‘The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness’ by Michelle Alexander, is to refute claims that racism is dead and argue that the War on Drugs and the federal drug policy unfairly targets communities of color, keeping a large majority of black men of varying ages in a cycle of poverty and behind bars. The author proves that racism thrives by highlighting theRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Color Blindness, by Michelle Alexander. The New Press, 2010. 290 pages. Reviewed by Ashlei G Cameron. Michelle alexander is a highly acclaimed civil rights lawyer, advocate and legal scholar. As an associate professor of law at Standford law school, she directed the Civil Rights Clinic and pursued a research agenda focused on the intersection of race and criminal justice. In 2005. Alexander won a Soros Justice Fellowship that supported the writingRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 Pagesthose who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despised in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegal immigrants - it is criminals. That was an important quote since the stereotypical criminal in our racially divided America in most cases are those of color also known as blacks. This is why the criminal justice system in the United States promotes the mass incarceration of blacks that can be seen throughRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1081 Words   |  5 Page s Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness outlines how the criminal justice system has systematically designed new methods of discriminating against African Americans. The book advocates for racial justice, specifically, for African Americans and contends they [African Americans] were targeted and subsequently incarcerated, by white voters and public officials, through the War on Drugs campaign. President Reagan and his Administration exploited racialRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1347 Words   |  6 PagesHunter Silver Dr. Kendall Smith English 103-4120 10 November 2015 High Incarceration Rates Due to Racism Racism effects the the high incarceration rates according to Michelle Alexander, the author of â€Å"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. This scholar writes about how the civil rights movement has been taken back by the mass incarceration of black Americans in the war on drugs. Alexander also explains how the severe consequences that these black men carry on afterRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pages Michelle Alexander’s book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, examines mass incarceration in the United States, why the criminal justice system works the way it does towards minorities, the detriments associated with mass incarceration as it relates to offenders, and much more. In the introduction of her book, Alexander immediately paints the harsh reality of mass incarceration with the story of Jarvious Cotton who is denied the right to vote among other rights becauseRead MoreThe New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesJim Crow laws are regarded as part of the racial caste system that operated in the Southern and Border States in the years between 1877 and the mid-1960s. Under the series of the anti-black laws, African Americans were treated as inferior and second class citizens. The laws have been argued to have represented the legitimization of the anti-black racism in the US. The book The New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is written by Michelle Alexander and originally published byRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press, 2010. Study Questions for â€Å"The New Jim Crow†: 1) What is the relationship between the War on Drugs and the spread of crack cocaine through inner city neighborhoods in the 1980s? President Ronald Reagan officially announced the current drug war in 1982, before crack became an issue in the media or a crisis in poor black neighborhoods. A few years after the drug war was declared, crackRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1239 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2013, Michelle Alexander published her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, hoping it served as a call to action. Immediately this book received a huge amount of attention because of the controversial topics presented. This book opened a lot of people’s eyes to the term colorblindness, a sociological perspective referring to the disregard of racial characteristics. There is no racial data or profiling, no classifications, and no categorizations or distinctions

Outline Financial Statement Analysis free essay sample

Transforming data into useful information for decision making. A. Purpose of Analysis To help users (both internal and external) make better business decisions. 1. Internal users (managers, officers, internal auditors, consultants, budget officers, and market researchers) make the strategic and operating decisions of a company. 2. External users (shareholders, lenders, directors, customers, suppliers, regulators, lawyers, brokers, and the press) rely on financial statement analysis to make decisions in pursuing their own goals. The common goal of all users is to evaluate: a. Past and current performance. b. Current financial position. c. Future performance and risk. B. Building Blocks of Analysis The four areas of inquiry or building blocks are: 1. Liquidity and efficiency—ability to meet short-term obligations and to efficiently generate revenues. 2. Solvency—ability to generate future revenues and meet long-term obligations. 3. Profitability—ability to provide financial rewards sufficient to attract and retain financing. 4. Market Prospects—ability to generate positive market expectations. Information for Analysis 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline Financial Statement Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most users rely on general purpose financial statements that include: a. Income statement b. Balance sheet c. Statement of changes in stockholders equity (or statement of retained earnings) d. Statement of cash flows e. Notes related to the statements 2. Financial reporting—is the communication of financial information useful for making investment, credit, and other business decisions. Includes information from SCE 10-K or other filings, press releases, shareholders meetings, forecasts, management letters, auditors reports, and Webcasts. Standards for Comparisons Used to determine if analysis measures suggest good, bad, or average performance. Standards can include the following types of comparisons: 1. Intracompany—based on prior performance and relationships between its financial items. 2. Competitor—compared to one or more direct competitors (often best). 3. Industry—published industry statistics (available from services like Dun Bradstreet, Standard and Poors, and Moodys). 4. Guidelines (rules-of-thumb)—general standards developed from past experiences. E. Tools of Analysis – includes horizontal, vertical and ratio analysis. II. Horizontal Analysis Tool to evaluate changes in financial statement data across time. This analysis utilizes: A. Comparative Statements reports financial amounts for more than one period placed side by side in columns on a single statement. 1. Computation of Dollar Changes and Percentage Changes—usually shown in line items. a. Dollar change = Analysis period amount minus Base period amount. b. Percent change = Analysis period amount minus Base period amount divided by Base period amount times 100. Notes: (1) When a negative amount appears in the base period and a positive amount in the analysis period (or vice versa)— a meaningful percentage change cannot be computed. (2) When there is no value in the base period—percentage change is not computable. (3) When an item has a value in the base period and zero in the next period—the decrease is 100 percent. 2. Comparative balance sheets a. Consist of balance sheet amounts from two or more balance sheet dates arranged side by side. b. Usefulness is improved by showing each item’s  dollar change and percent change to highlight large changes. Comparative income statements a. Amounts for two or more period are placed side by side. b. Additional columns are included for dollar and percent changes. B. Trend Analysis used to reveal patterns in data across successive periods. Involves computing trend percents (or index number) as follows: 1. Select a base period and assign each item in the base period a weight of 100%. 2. Express financial numbers as a percent of their base period number. 3. Trend percent equals analysis period amount divided by base period amount times 100. III. Vertical Analysis Comparing financial condition and performance to a base amount. The analysis tools include: A. Common-Size Statements reveal changes in the relative importance of each financial statement item. All amounts are redefined in terms of common-size percents. 1. Common-size percentage equals analysis amount divided by base amounts multiplied by 100. 2. Common-size balance sheets—base amount is usually total assets. Common-size income statements—base amount is usually revenues. B. Common-Size Graphics Graphical analysis (e. g. , pie charts and bar charts) of common-size statements that visually highlight comparison information. IV. Ratio Analysis Using key relationships among financial statement items. Ratios organized into the four (items A through D below) building blocks of analysis: A. Liquidity and Efficiency 1. Liquidity refers to the availability of resources to meet short-term cash requirement. 2. Efficiency refers to how productive a company is in using its assets. Efficiency is usually measured relative to how much revenue is generated for a certain level of assets. 3. Ratios in this block: a. Working capital—the excess of current assets over current liabilities. b. Current ratio—current assets divided by current liabilities; describes a companys ability to pay its short-term obligations. c. Acid-test ratio—similar to current ratio but focuses on quick assets (i. e. , cash, short-term investments and current receivables) rather than current assets. Days’ sales in inventory—ending inventory divided by cost of goods sold multiplied by 365; measures how many days it will take to convert the inventory on hand at the end of the period into accounts receivable or cash. h. Total asset turnover—net sales divided by average total assets; describes the ability to use assets to generate sales. B. Solvency 1. Solvency refers to a companys long-run financial viability and its ability to cover long-term obligations. Capital structure is one of the most important components of solvency analysis. 2. Capital structure refers to a companys sources of financing. Ratios in this block: a. Debt ratio—total liabilities divided by total assets. b. Equity ratio—total stockholders equity divided by total assets. Note: A company is considered less risky if its capital structure (equity and long-term debt) is composed more of equity. c. Debt-to-Equity Ratio – total liabilities divided by total equity; measure of solvency. A larger debt-to-equity ratio implies greater risk. d. Times interest earned—income before interest expense and income taxes divided by interest expense; reflects the risk of loan repayments with interest to creditors. Profitability refers to a companys ability to generate an adequate return on invested capital. 2. Return is judged by assessing earnings relative to the level and sources of financing. 3. Ratios in this block: a. Profit margin—net income divided by net sales; describes the ability to earn net income from sales. b. Return on total assets—net income divided by average total assets; a summary measure of operating efficiency; comprises profit margin (net income divided by net sales) and total asset turnover (net sales divided by average total assets). Return on common stockholders equity—net income less preferred dividends divided by average common stockholders equity; measures the success of a company in earning net income for its owners. D. Market Prospects 1. Market measures are useful for analyzing corporations with publicly traded stock. 2. Market measures use stock price in their computation. 3. Ratios in this block: a. Price-earnings ratio—market price per common stock divided by earnings per share; used to evaluate the profitability of alternative common stock investments. Dividend yield—annual cash dividends paid per share of stock divided by market price per share; used to compare the dividend-paying performance of different investment alternatives. E. Summary of Ratios Exhibit 13. 16 sets forth the names of each of the common ratios by category, and includes the formula and a description of what is measured by each ratio. F. Global View 1. Horizontal and Vertical Analysis – horizontal and vertical analysis helps eliminate many differences between GAAP and IFRS when analyzing and interpreting financial statements. Ratio Analysis – ratio analysis has many of the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical analysis. The ratios applied are fine, with some possible changes in interpretation depending on what and what is not included in certain accounting measures across GAAP and IFRS. V. Decision Analysis—Analysis Reporting Goal of financial statement analysis report is to reduce uncertainty through rigorous and sound evaluation. A good analysis report usually consists of six sections: 1. Executive summary. 2. Analysis overview. 3. Evidential matter. 4. Assumptions. 5. Key factors. 6. Inferences When a companys activities involve income-related events that are not part of its normal, continuing operations, it often separates the income statement into different sections as follows: A. Continuing Operations Reports the revenues, expenses, and income generated by the company’s continuing operations. B. Discontinued Segments 1. A business segment is a part of a company’s operations that serves a particular line of business or class of customers. 2. A company’s gain or loss from selling or closing down a segment is separately reported as follows: a. Income from operating the discontinued segment for the current period prior to its disposal. b. The gain or loss from disposing of the segment’s net assets. C. Extraordinary Items 1. Extraordinary gains and losses are those that are both unusual and infrequent. a. An unusual gain or loss is abnormal or otherwise unrelated to the company’s regular activities and environment. b. An infrequent gain or loss is not expected to recur given the company’s operating environment. 2. Reporting extraordinary items in a separate category helps users predict future performance, absent the effects of the extraordinary items. Items that are either unusual or infrequent, but not both, are reported in the income statement but after the normal revenues and expenses. D. Earnings per Share (EPS) is the amount of income earned by each share of outstanding common stock and is reported in the final section of income statement. One of the most widely cited items of accounting information. E. Changes in Accounting Principles 1. The consistency principle requires a company apply the same accounting principles across periods (examples in this context: (include inventory or depreciation methods). Changes in accounting principles are acceptable if justified as improvements in financial reporting. 2. Cumulative effect of the change on prior periods incomes should be reported on the income statement (net of taxes) below extraordinary items. 3. A footnote should describe and justify the change and report what income would have been under the old method. F. Comprehensive Income is net income plus certain gains and losses that bypass the income statement. The change in equity for the period, excluding investments from and distributions to its stockholders.