Parental Perspectives Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 19000 words

paternal Perspectives - Dissertation ExampleThis study has broadened my thought process, my zeal, inner strength, passion, knowledge, and focus on how I can assistant our youth discover what it takes to reach their educational goals. I also dedicate this lyric poem to all those that are close to my heart my husband, children, parents, family, and friends that supported me through this process. Their support has allowed me to climb to the mountaintop in accomplishing my goals and to continue fulfilling the desires of my heart. I owe a special thanks to my wonderful children, Jermaay and Cladorian, who are my pride and joy. Thank you for sacrificing your wants and needs and for being long-suffering with mommy. To Floyd, my loving husband, who listened, supported and made many sacrifices for me during this difficult process I deeply thank you.AcknowledgmentsThis oration took more commitment and devotion than I ever imagined and I could not have done it by myself. So many people he lped me through this challenging time of my educational journey. I am genuinely thankful for the grace that God bestowed upon me over these past three years. I am very acceptable and honored to have such a supporting family, friends, church and cohort who provided constant encouragement. I must acknowledge my wonderful mentor, Dr. April Flanagan, who came to my rescue in the midst of my uncertainties in my research plan. I set forthed research for my dissertation in Atlanta, Georgia, with a solid foundation and then my husband received military orders to transfer to Okinawa, lacquer for three years. As a result, my research topic had to change, and I was forced to switch my focus and start over. Dr. Flanagan was a true asset in the writing of my dissertation, due to her extensive experience... This phenomenological study investigates how parents perceive their intimacy in student learning. Kohls, Stafford, and Miller (2003) assert that public dissatisfaction, international com parisons and the skills needed for the 21st-century workforce by insurance policy makers, parents, the business community and the public have resulted in demands that directs be held accountable for learning (p. 1). In Okinawa, Japan, the language barrier restricts military and government civilian parents of non-Japanese speaking children from entering the more challenging domestic school dusts (O. Lee, August 11, 2005, personal communication). The expense of registration and monthly tuition fees for private and Japanese public schools is another(prenominal) issue that military and government civilian families encounter if they choose not to use the provided school system available (Military Resources & Benefits, n.d.). Parents expectations about their role in their childrens education are essential to student learning and schoolman success. When parents believe their children are not receiving the best education possible, the reason is often that they feel powerless to do anyth ing about it other than basic home intervention (Bloom, 1992). For example, parents are establishing goals and possibilities for their children to become academi diagnosey successful, such as seeking technical support through computerized tutorials when questions occur on schoolwork or allowing the child to call a fellow classmate or searching the text for guidance.

Hurricanes Geography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hurricanes Geography - Research Paper ExampleAs wind swiftness exceeds 74 miles per hour a hurricane is born. Hurricanes usually formed from warm water in the tropical country. pissing is usually 800F (270C) in this part of the earth. In a year, four hurricanes develop in the Atlantic region and an approximate of sixty hurricanes rise from tropical seas and swirls through the globe. Coastal beas are the most prone to hazard because hurricanes are formed in the sea. Hurricanes in the United States mostly come from the tropical and subtropical irrigate of the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, the CaribbeanSea and the Atlantic Ocean. Some are small and others are large. But whatever the case, hurricanes are the mightiest of all storms. Hurricanes are natural phenomena that can be dangerous and destructive but is perfectly knowing by nature to serve a purpose. It is essential to maintain the optimal warm temperature of the earth. Hurricanes suck up warm water from the sea surface to its sum wall and when it rise up it condenses forming rains showers. These rain waters arid lands and alleviates drought in some hot locations. Anatomy of a Hurricane Hurricanes do not devolve everywhere in the world. You can never find hurricanes in cold locations like the Antarctic and gumshoe regions of the earth. Hurricanes start from storm seeds mainly from the west coast of tropical bailiwicks like the Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Small atmospheric disturbance occur that creates low closet area. Air is pushed through this low printing press area by the surrounding high pressure environment. Warm tropical sea water off heat to air so it rises as it nears the center. It speeds up the acceleration of rising air thus providing competency for the developing storm. Hot air then comes into contact with cold air aloft and results into thunderstorms. If the conditions are thriving like locations with high humidity and hot weather, a hurricane is most likely being formed. Low pressure systems with accompanying thunderstorms are called tropical cyclones. These tropical cyclones rotate counter clockwise in the northern cerebral hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. This cyclonic behavior is due to the earths Coriolis Effect. Tropical disturbance is reported for a group of thunderstorms in the tropics that are present for at least 24 hours. It is then escalated to tropical wave status when it reaches winds with 25mph despicable in all direction. The time it develops circulation, thats the time it is called a tropical cyclone. Tropical depression is a tropical cyclone with wind speeds of at least 38 mph. When the tropical cyclones wind reaches 39 to 73 mph, it is then labeled tropical storm. Tropical storm has showers and thunderstorms that are moving closer to circulation. Hurricane is termed for the most severe category of tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 74 mph. At this level, an nitty-gritty is developed at the center of the cyclone. The coverage of the thunderstorms varies depending on the intensity and wind speed of the hurricane. Source http//ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hurr/stages/home.rxml Hurricanes stimulate area that is relatively cloudless and calm. This area is called the eye of the hurricane and it is located at the center of the tropical cyclone. The eye is usually 20 to 30 m wide for a storm that has diameter of 400 miles across. The area immediate to the eye is called the eye

Strategic analysis of a company located in UAE Essay

Strategic analysis of a society located in UAE - Essay ExampleFurthermore, the aviation industry of the Middle East will as well be evaluated. ground on the findings, the study will underline the key strategic issues faced by Etihad Airways. A shoemakers last will be drawn regarding the most important strategic issue faced by the company. one time the issue is identified the report will offer some suggestions by which the issues can be either controlled or fully curbed. Finally the implementation process of the strategy will be portrayed.Etihad Airways, the national airlines of the linked Arab Emirates was established in the year 2003, by Royal decree. The operation of the company started in the month of November, 2003 (Abed, Vine, Hellyer and Vine, 2006, p.207). Nevertheless, the move around began with a ceremonial flight from the Abu Dhabi airport to Al Ain. It is presently headquartered at the Khalifa City A, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Etihadairways, n.d.). The compa ny operates with around 1300 flights in a week. Etihad Airways has its operation in 55 countries of the world. The company has a total shoot size of 67 airbuses and some Boeing aircrafts. According to the recent reports, the company has carried 8.3 million passengers in the year 2011. The selective information also reveals that the company has been able to achieve a staggering 17 % growth regarding the total bod of passenger carries. The net revenue of the company was US$ 4.1 billion and the profit was US$ 14 million. It is also considered as one of the fastest growing airlines company in the history of aviation industry.The primary worry of the company is to provide transportation services to the customers. However it also offers packaged holiday tours and tender external delivery services for its customers. In the passenger transportation service, the company has three products namely Pearl course class, diamond first class and coral economy class. The

Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final - Assignment ExampleAs a victorious executive, I willing think outside-the-box to come up with creative solutions to organizational problems and foster an open score environment where employees contributions are part of the solution. By allowing a flexible approach to problem solving, I will foster a workplace where creativity and different approaches to addressing a problem,no matter how different the ideas defer from the received norm,will all be consideredIn order to lead effectively as a manager implys,I need to learn to master the four basic functions of management planning,organizing,leading and controlling. An effective leader will always be very good at listeningit is an unappreciated management skill that leads to a better pinch of the problems at hand,be it personal or organizational.Of the tree basic management skills previously mentioned,the nearly important prop a manager needs is to develop in order to succeed is effective leadership skills . The paint to effective leadership, managing diverse individuals and complex situations effectively is to master four of the basic functions of managementplanning,organizing,leading and controlling.As a manager,the first step is to analyze the situation or problem at hand and formulate a plan which best addresses the needs of the project. It is important to me as a business profession to fashion skilful at analyzing complex situations and coming up with innovative solutions to a problem. In order to hone my uninflected and planning skills,applying the same level of care and analysis to certain everyday problems will help me become better at analyzing and planning solutions in my future professional career. In the organizing phase as a manager, I must be able to evaluate the employee skill-sets as well as identify the most suitable individuals for a specific tasks. Through taking the initiative to become a leader in any group environment

Communication in Economics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Communication in Economics - Article ExampleDark pools simply means the delusive exchanges that are created by banks through conjuring with big potential clients to buy or sell great deals without changing the price as per the current financial market prices. These side deals are effectuated privately for the stingy benefits of the culprits in the banking industry and the deceitful clients. The chief(prenominal) purpose of this vice is to cushion the clients from the possible losses of the main exchanges in a quest to reap profits that are equally addressd by two perpetrators (Iniman para 1).The truth about dark pools is that it is a highly profitable venture. The illegality about it reveals that the sector is money-spinning occasioned by different transactions. The most predominant selling venture in dark pools is the attraction of massive share slugs that usually pools established shareholders into buying shares or trading their shares (Iniman para 3). However, there are no legitimatize standards that are followed in these transactions of shares. The financial data about these transactions is only relayed to the public afterwards the business is completed.The opportune reporting, which is done after the completion of the transaction, is always a tactical move to assure that the perpetrators are not affected by the price. This is because an early report about the shares transactions usually raises watchfulness to the truthful stakeholders in the industry to fluctuate the price basing on the buyers and sellers willingness to transact (Iniman para 3).The bigwigs who indulge in these illegal transactions are currently overriding in the U.S and Europe banking quarter. They utilize dark pools as a smokescreen on their way to raking millions of dollars from the shares business with no fear of making loses because of the nature of operations (Iniman para 3).It is palpable that most

Psychological theories relating to Frankenstein (Mary Shelley's Case Study

psychological theories relating to Frankenstein (Mary Shelleys Frankenstein) - good example Study ExampleAlthough Frankenstein has been noted for its treatment of the philosophical, mythological, scientific, and feminist inquirys, it is fundamental to realize that the raw also undertakes an in-depth conceive of the psychology of mind, human nature and, most significantly, alienation. The offers an important case of reference to an analysis into how human card creates ones mental world and the novelist portrays the images of her politico-cultural world and value system through the characters of the novel. Significantly, Mary Shelley has been greatly novel effective in unleashing the images of her mental world into the intellectual sphere of her novel in a subjective, intricate and problematic way and establishes the relationship between the theories of the mind and the demands of the characters. Mary Shelley translates politics into psychology. She uses revolutionary symbol He r characters reenact earlier political polemics on the level of personal psychology. (Sterrenburg, 144) Therefore, a reflective analysis of the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley corroborates that the motivations of the characters in the novel are directed by the mental world of the novelist. Psychological theories dealing with the working of human mind can be greatly useful in comprehending the braid of a literary work, especially the characterization of a novel. ... In order to comprehend the theories of mind in relation to the motivations of the characters in the novel, it is essential to realize the philosophical context of the work which is suggested by the theory of the tabula rasa or clean slate. This theory, held by the Empiricists, maintains that the mind, at the beginning of a persons life, is empty later birth, the senses receive impressions and are able to formulate ideas. (Joshua, 25) The mental world of the novelist created by the socio-cultural and political images of her contemporary fact was crucial in the creation of the major characters in the novel. Significantly, the major characters of the novel, the young student of science and the teras created by him, offer a crucial example of how the mental world is data linked to character-motivations. An investigation into the complex and multifaceted personalities of Frankenstein and the creature is essential in realizing the motives of these characters as the making of their mental world. Similarly, every significant question concerning science and society as discussed in the novel brings out this crucial link between the motivation of the character and their mental world. In a profound understanding of Mary Shelleys creation consider in the novel, it becomes lucid that the mental world of the creator has a great influence on the motivations of his creation. Thus, the fab ambiguity of the central characters, Victor Frankenstein and the creature, points to the underlying moral ambiguity of t he story. In Shelleys creation account, neither the creator nor the creature in his rebellion has morally pure motivation. This characteristic feature of the novel corresponds to the link between the mind and the motivations

Sustainable Development and its overall impact Assignment

Sustainable breeding and its overall impact - Assignment ExampleIt is related with the utilisation of resources, excess consumption of resources, insufficiency, human rights and approachability of facilities. Therefore, evaluation of sustainable development should accept a time limit which cannister capture two human and environment and react with the requirement of future and present generation. Proper anticipation of future inevitably should be done on the basis of historic circumstances. The sustainable framework of an organisation should link with the elect vision and objectives of organisation. A number of measurement amalgamations are effective to provide vibrant indication of come about towards sustainability. By associating the measurement value with the target, organisations can comprehend the ways and the tendencies towards sustainable development (Hardi & Zdan, 1997). value and Beliefs Values and beliefs are vital for management of sustainability. Therefore, organis ations ought to stop up a level of openness in their operations which can ensure trust and faith. There is need for applying considerable level of transparency in business performances which likewise includes measurement of sustainable progress. In distinguish to add value, organisations can maintain close interaction with the governing and the public. The involvement of people such as professionals, favorable groups comprising youths and ethnic people can help to ensure acknowledgement of miscellaneous and fluctuating values. Participations of communities can also help to secure an organisation by connecting use policies with consequential actions (International Energy Agency, 2006). Evaluation of Sustainable Development Organisations need to be iterative, adaptive and reactive to any change of... Center of discussion in this paper is sustainable development as a kind of development which satisfies the requisites of present times without sacrificing the aptitudes of upcomin g generations to satisfy their own requirements. In relation to the case in that location are five major aspects of sustainable development principles which are establishing vision, universal perception, needs and rights, values and beliefs, evaluation of sustainable development. Sustainable development is an extensive concept where human and organisational actions can affect the environment and social welfare. Organisations along with individuals have responsibilities to promote sustainable development. From the above analysis of cases, it can be observed that several(prenominal) organisations and bodies implement different measures to protect and to restore the environment and natural resources. In order to accomplish a positive future, above aspects should be considered by organisations and should also implement measures that can reduce the negative environmental impacts. Organisational structure and culture should be changed and adjusted towards better sustainability and the or ganisations also need to comply with the rules and the regulations of environment. In order to enhance the biodiversity, several reckons have been undertaken as a part of sustainable development. One such project is development of Bird Flapper where a disk is linked with the power lines.

Leadership and Motivation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Leadership and Motivation - appointee ExampleA leader moves through a continuous knead wherein he moves from accomplishing one intent to another keeping in mind the best interest of the group. Clark defines it as followsLeadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the agreement in a way that makes it more than cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as printings, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills.Stogdil echoes the alike definition noting leaderships three dimensions. First, leadership is defined as a process that is social wherein the leader steps in to direct the behaviors of his members. Next, the leadership is put in a social context of use wherein the members are the subordinates or the ones obeying the leader. Lastly, effective leaders achieve goals for the whole.Leadership has gained much attention that research has been inclined to it. Yuk l presents a comprehensive collection of studies on leadership, identifying various approaches. He discussed the Trait approach, which is based on the belief that some are born to be leaders as they are endowed with certain traits not possessed by other people. The behavior approach studies the leaders typical pattern of behaviors to portion out and lead. The power-influence approach takes on a more leader-centered perspective in that power is used not lone(prenominal) to manage members of the group but also to convince peers, superiors or others who are not part of the organization to see the perspective of the leader.

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Response - Essay ExampleThe songs by Styne and redbreast were taken from the Broad way show. It is the funny story of Lorelei Lee, a beautiful actress who is very much excited to become the severalise of Jazz culture. She however is extremely innocent that she does not understand she is a prey for other large numbers funs. She is easily taken by flattering.The characteristic feature of this movie is that it is rich with comedic moments and musical numbers. Marilyn Monroes beauty and charm is unforgettable. The movie altogether is a brilliant combination of song, love, and laughter. I think Monroes performance of the song Diamonds Are a Girls Best Friend and her pink dress would gain all viewers immediate attention. This is the main reason I think, why the film was welcomed by a series of enthusiastic reviews. This movie was rated as the sixth highest-grossing film of 1953. It collected total revenue of vii and a half million dollars at the box office. One would surely admire Mon roe and Russell for their performances. Evidently, this is the movie that assist them to become so popular in the Hollywood.It is relevant to discuss a few things about an obligate Gentlemen consume blondes written by Maureen Turim. In this article, Turim explores to what extent the obviously exploitive sexual display of Monroe and Russell in Gentlemen prefer Blondes undercut the performers own well communicated self-awareness of the display, by cynicism and cleverness. The author gives particular focus to the way the film depicted female sexuality. In her article, Turim refers to the Anita Looss satiric novella of 1925 which was written in the priming coat of the postwar American culture. In the novella, the display of female body was greatly linked to commodity consumption. harmonise to Turim, the success of the movie has to be attributed to various factors including but not limited to Monroes charming beauty, Russells

The Bond Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Bond Market - Research Paper ExampleOn the other hand, corpo drift debt refers to the property owned by a business, which can serve as an income distress absorber to a particular proposition class of stakeholders. This paper intends to outline the issues that surround bond market in the current market. The U.S. Federal prevail (the Fed) plays a progressively active image in the performance of the economy and financial markets with its many tools. How does Federal halt policy affect the bond market? Essentially, the Federal nurse plays a appoint role in providing a monetary climate, which is intended in promoting economic stability and simultaneously maintaining conformable economic growth. The Federal Reserve strives to maintain the peaks and troughs at minimum directs. It is impertive3 to note that the Federal Reserve accomplishes their role through manipulation of two interest rate levels (Brett, 17). They include the Federal Funds range and the brush aside Rate. The Federal Funds rate refers to the rates banks charge each other to borrow reserves all-night while refers to rate the Federal charges for bank reserve borrowing. It is significant that, variety shows in both rates guide a direct impact on the bond market, yield levels. It is imperative to note that, the corporate bonds incessantly yield more than the government bonds. This is to account for the risk. The Federal Reserve plays a key role in influencing the bond market by controlling the prices and rates of bonds. This enhances controlling of the inflations rates. For instance, investors who buy bonds with a maturity menstruation time-consuming than a couple of years ago have augmented risk disclosure to the level of inflation and its attrition of prospect cash flow values (Brett, 15). However, the Federal Reserve moderates this situation by targeting the level of inflation because inflation expectations have bigger shock on the echelon of interest rates for elongated maturity b onds than shorter outcome consequently, regulation of the bond market. For the case of bonds with long maturity number of years, the Federal Reserve endeavors to regulate inflation rates. This is because, the levels of inflation directly affects the inflation of expectations consequently increased level of interest rates for longer maturity bonds than shorter maturity bonds (Brett, 16). Fundamentally, the Federal Reserve directly controls the shorter maturity yield levels. The influence caused by the Federal Reserve on the interest rates consequently, significant change is indicated in the levels of yields. The yield geld normally represents the yield market levels. More over, Brett asserts that, the current bull market in bonds will only when end if inflation rates revolt. This implies that, the current economic status is sluggish and it is characterized by unemployment and high rate of inflation. Bibliography Brett Arends. Bonds- Heading from Bull Market to Bubble. The Journal of The Wall Street. 15.9 (2012) 15- 19. Print. What happens to interest rates as bond prices rise? The bond markets are extremely active. The interest rates are constantly changing in rejoinder to numerous factors, which include changes in demand and supply of credit, market psychology, economic conditions, fiscal policy, Federal Reserve policy and exchange rates. It is significant to note that, as interest rates change, a consequent change in values of all bonds in the market place is expected. For instance, when, interest rates increase bonds with longer maturity periods are immensely affected compared with those

The Effects of Economic Growth on Olympic Performance Research Proposal

The Effects of stinting Growth on exceptional Performance - Research Proposal Exampleent variable, Olympic functioning get out be considered in totality with regard to all the various factors that work together to affect the personality of the performance in a positive or negative way.The research question adopted for this subject is important in three main perspectives. First, the question is designed to highlight the inherent challenges in Olympic performance as understood from the perspective of economic influences. It will help to enhance the understanding of whatever imbalances, advantages, and any other factors that promote or detract from the fairness and competitive nature of sports. This is a correlation study that seeks to establish the link between dynamics of economic growth and performance in Olympics. The setting of economic growth shall be considered from the level of the participating countries. As such, the research question could provide a resourceful guide on the patterns of performance between the miserable countries and the rich countries in line with medieval and recent studies that cited disparities in economic progress as the guiding factor towards the usual outcomes.Past existential studies have shown that the performance in Olympics is significantly dependent on the level of economic development (Bian, 2004 Bhattacharya, 2006). correlational statistics research findings have indicated that the level of performance is significantly related to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the participating countries (Nielsen, 2013). Precisely, countries with low GDP measures tend to show poor performance in athletics as compared to countries with comparatively high GDP values. The general thinking is that economic power provides the developed world with a higher advantage than the struggling economies. Rich countries invest larger sums of money into the development of sports infrastructure as compared to the poor countries. According to some studies, the difference in the level of investment is the baseline factor that creates the variations in performance (Kothari,

U05a1 and u05a2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

U05a1 and u05a2 - Essay subject2. Why is Jupiter so much more dense than Saturn? Could a artificial satellite be smaller in size than Jupiter but greater in citizenry? Explain. Ans Jupiter is closer to sun and has over 3 times more than the mass of Saturn. Jupiter is denser than that of Saturn because of two factors. They are (i). Jupiter has relatively larger gravitation field because of its mass and rotational pressures. (ii). Jupiter has denser core of rocks and other minerals. Jupiter has heavy metals in its interior. because it is denser than that of Saturn. Yes. There could be a planet smaller in size but greater in mass than that of Jupiter. Because Jupiter is mainly made up of gas, hence any planet slightly smaller in size but made of secure material would sustain more mass than Jupiter. And also building a planet with Hydrogen and helium is like assembling the fluffy pillows one over the other. As the pillows are stacked one to a higher place the other the pillows at the bottom are compressed and hence their mutual gravitational force increases. Hence it slightly increases in its height as and when the stack size is increased but gets denser. Therefore the supererogatory mass increases the density of the planet but smaller change in mass. 4. Why does Jupiter have such(prenominal) a strong magnetic field? Describe a few features of Jupiters magnetosphere. ... Jupiters magnetosphere traps further more charged particles than Earths magnetosphere. These particles contribute to auroras and also create belts of very intense light beam around Jupiter. This is so strong that it could damage the orbiting spacecraft. Jupiters magnetic field creates a magnetosphere that surrounds the planet as a shield which protects the planet from the solar wind. 6. Briefly describe Jupiters weather patterns and contrast them with those on the other jovian planets. What is the Great Red Spot? Ans Jupiters atmosphere has several gases that distil to form clouds. Each o f these gases condenses at a incompatible temperature, leading to distinctive cloud layers at different altitudes. Jupiter has primarily three different cloud layers and Jupiters atmosphere is inhumaner at higher altitudes. About cytosine kilometers below the highest cloud lapses, the temperatures are nearly earth-like And water can condense to form clouds. Higher up, the water clouds it is cold enough for a gas called ammonium hydrosulfide to condense into clouds which produces the dark colours of Jupiter. Higher still the temperature is so cold that ammonia condenses to make an upper layer of white clouds. Like the large hurricanes occasionally airlift on Earth, Jupiter also has powerful storms. Spectroscopic observations (analysis of light) + calculations explains about the composition of clouds as follows Ammonia (NH3) crystals in top layer. Ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4SH) crystals in middle layer. Water ice in lowest layer. The colors seem to be associated with temperature. W hite zones are higher and cooler. Dark bands are lower and warmer. Comparison with other atmosphere planets Jupiter and Saturn have stripes of alternating color and wind direction. But Saturns

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 114

Essay ExampleA journalist, writer, researcher, or reporter who is disgraced of either plagiarism or fabrication betrays that trust because the reading audience relies on the writer, implying that what was written was original, contributed to the discussion, distilled it with his thoughts and ideas, and gave a new insight for the benefit of readers (Seife, 2013, p. 5), and committing plagiarism or fabrication is mortal sins in terms of its superior ethics.However, it must be conceded that any polity of ethics has shades of gray (ibid.) and more so in writing as there is no sufferonical code for journalists this is because it can boil down to design although those who are in the profession know there is a dividing line and when they had crossed it. This is where the prescriptive code of ethics comes in a group of journalists and reporters know they have an explicit code of conduct to bring home the bacon and abide by. This particular sector in society has their own peculiar langu age (lingo) which only members can understand, and this includes a standard when it comes to its professional ethics not to commit plagiarism or fabrication in their stories. It is indeed a tricky minefield on what constitutes plagiarism or not in any case, rather a little know when they have committed it or not. Ethics can be quite subjective in the sense it depends on the times and the context in which the ethical rules currently operate.Rules against plagiarism are quite strict when applied in the academic world. This is the assurance by which professors can objectively evaluate their students otherwise, the students ordain not learn and the teaching environment will not be conducive to the whole tuition process. In this regard, the cheating scandal at Harvard University can be considered from the viewpoint of the second definition of what constitutes normative in this sense, it means value judgments. A lot of students who were

Part of a Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

soften of a Marketing Plan - Assignment Example cotton plant On is one of the few organic on the wholey Australian ready-to-wear (RTW) fashion label. Fairly young in the industry at less than 30 years old, they now have shops all over Australia, New Zealand, and America. It has uniquely mirrored the same role that Australia has project all over the world, relax, simple and comfortable. Its primary target is the youth, 15-30, who feels wants a simple no-nonsense flair that is flexible yet fashionable.Through the years, there have been constant effort from the brand to reinforce their protrude through TV commercials, print ads, and out-of-home advertisements. However, the fashion industry has witnessed an incredible shift of media consumption from traditional to digital. many a(prenominal) of this digital adaptors belong to the same target market that Cotton On caters to, young from the broad C. many a(prenominal) businesses have taken advantage of this by, early on, exerting the same effort digitally as they do higher up the line.Unfortunately, Cotton On came in late. They, in fact, established their online store less than three years ago. out-of-door of the online store, very little effort has been exerted to utilize the digital media to reach the Cotton On target market. This deficiency of digital presence resulted to one of the biggest digital scandal in the business world when facebook members started spreading complaints and protests against Cotton On Childrens line. The protest claimed that Cotton Ons pieces contained disrespectful messages.One word. Thats all it takes for a person to know someone inside and out, its history, its sensibilities, its personality, and its relationships. That word is the brand name. Coca-Cola. iPod. Nike. Google. Their identities are so strengthened and so embedded to the minds of the consumers that no single study, perhaps not even a compound of a thousand, can comprehensively explain how each company built it.Cotto n On, despite being a young label, has experienced a certain

Factors That Have Led to An Increase in The Importance of Logistics as Research Paper

Factors That Have Led to An profit in The Importance of Logistics as A Field of Study - Research Paper Example healthy links to the market (the customer) is the basis of corporate power. Since customer service drives the supply chain, professionals in logistics are scoop placed to implement value chain integration that yields customer satisfaction. The industries create future advantages based on the integration of logistics and international supply chains. Key words Global sparing, customer satisfaction, value, supply chain, diversity, technology, professionals. Factors that have direct to an increase in the greatness of logistics as a field of study Logistics refers to the process of scheduling, applying and controlling the effective, economic storage and flow of services, goods and relevant information from origin to consumption. The management of the logistics process aims at meeting the users requirements. In a business sense, logistics is a critical aspect because it must realize procurement, warehousing, inventory, distribution, human resources, financial, customer support and distribution operations (Rodrigue, Comtois & Slack, 2006). Such operations are covered in the perspective of outbound, inbound, external and innate movements of materials and personnel. For materials, there is the additional aspect of return for environmental purposes. Apart from the physical items and personnel, logistics management also involves precis items like information, time and energy, where the minimized use of capital is a universal concern (World Bank, 2010). This paper forget discuss factors that have led to an increase in the importance of logistics as a field of study. The usance played by logistics and supply chain management in a countrys economy makes the study of logistics critical towards increasing the countrys competitiveness in business. Because of the business objective of ensuring the reclaim items are available at the right time, place and quan tity, logistics is inextricably linked to supply chains (Kahn & Kobayashi, 2007). It has scram increasingly important to study logistics and supply chain management because of the direct link to an economys revenues and cost structure as well as the competitiveness of producers in terms of quality of products and pitching times. Further, logistics affect the producers responsiveness to the requirements of consumers, which makes it important to understand how the growth in freight flow affects the current changes in local, regional and global economic systems (Waters, 2003). An understanding of logistics enables supply chain logisticians to associate optimum logistics performance with exporting diversification, trade expansion, economic growth and the capacity to draw direct foreign investments. This is because the competitiveness of an economy depends on how the logistics and supply chain perform (Hossein, 2010). When these factors are balanced, the value added to an economy by l ogistics exceeds the total costs. The growing complexity of supplying materials to businesses as well as distributing products in a globalized supply chain also gives importance to the study of logistics (Christopher, 2010).

Should college athletes be paid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should college athletes be paid - Essay ExampleFor quite some time, there has been an extensive debate over allowance of athletes, with each party in the debate presenting valid opinions that cannot be overlooked. It is essential to consider both the pros and cons of nonrecreational the athletes in order to come up with an objective decision. It is no secret that athletes earn their relative institutions risque amounts of receipts. College athletes generate millions of dollars for their colleges and are required to be content with scholarships they enjoy (Griffin 19). This beats the principle of equity, and the athletes are, therefore, entitled to the revenue they generated.Athletes are exposed to risks that pertain to health, arising from the setting and nature of games and sports they take part in. These athletes, all around the teenaged age of 22 or so, end their college careers with injured bodies, muscles that have repeatedly been shot up with cortisone injections, conditio ns such as prediabetes and prehypertension, and - in the case of the linemen - waistlines of 45 to 50 inches. The average career for a NFL pretender is only a few years, depending on the position. Early injuries in the transition from college to professional are a substantial reason, turn backn that they have often compromised their bodies and health just to reach the NFL in the first place. This presents a case to pay college athletes to compensate them for the risks they face and also so that they can be able to glide slope best medical care as well as have a balanced forage (Griffin 43).To be successful in any athletic competition, considerable investment of time and effort is paramount. This forces athletes to reach their time in college and ensure that they adequately train in order to enhance their talent and give them a competitive edge. They do so while ensuring that they do not neglect their academic work, at times creating study time tables so as to be at par with the ir classmates, which creates an extra strenuous

The Pursuit of a Just and Stable Society Essay Example for Free

The Pursuit of a sound and Stable Society EssayIn Platos writings that reached its full expression in his historied dialogue, The Republic, he argued that run intoment of a just and hallowly club lies on the establishment of a nightclub wherein the reigning regime or leader is a philosopher king or queen who possesses the necessary acquaintance of philosophy, ethics and politics. In Platos republic or just and ordered some of the main features ar the abolition of snobby property or the holding of all goods to belong in public. These extended to the overlap of wives and husbands, establishments and almost anything in the city.Summing up Platos ideas in The Republic, a just and ordered society whoremonger only be win by the reign of the philosopher king or queen and the abolition of anything that is orphic (Cooper, 1997). For about(predicate) 2000 years after Plato wrote these ideas, almost the same framework or way of thinking had rosiness in to fame and managed to take the world by storm. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published what is known as The Communist Manifesto, which is considered as whiz of the most influential political text of all time.In the said literature, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels had tried to explain how our recent society female genital organ manage to attain a society that is just and orderly. Reading the said manifesto, we advise conclude that one(a) of the most central ideas for the attainment of this ideal society that we atomic number 18 talking about is this the abolition of secret property. For the two thinkers, they believed that the most important foundation of any capitalisticic society that is the preponderating idea on the world is the concept of private ownership.In the text, they had tried to build an argument that says that capitalist economy is devilish. With arguments interchangeable alienation and exploitation, they almost declared that capitalism is the cause of all the evil that is happen ing in the world (Marx et al 1888/1967). However, as they argued, this evil (capitalism) has been always rooted on another evil which is similarly one of the central concepts in Platos discussion on The Republic private property. In this respect, we are together with Plato, Marx and Engels on the belief that a perfect society prat only be attained through the abolition of private property.Adopting the arguments in both The Republic and The Communist Manifesto on the evil of accumulation of private property, we are going to solely base the attainment of a just and order society by the virtue of the abolition of such characteristic in the society. Discussing whether our modern arrangement can afford a framework wherein private properties were abolished, we are going to conclude if the world can attain certain justice and order in the future. For more than 200 years, the framework and system of capitalism had managed to dig in in ein truth part of our lives.Ranging from the mains tream politics of liberalism to our food in our refrigerators up to our system of education, the world had been strung-out and managed to exist on capitalist grounds. The ideas of capitalism have been engraved on every human principal that made us always think in terms of currencies, money and other capitalist traditions. The indecision is very simple and it is this, Is it possible shift key to a society wherein accumulation of private properties was abolished just like the socialist community of Marx or Platos republic.The answer is very simple. Yes. The history had taught us that a shift from a feudal or capitalist society (i. e. the case of China, Russia, Cuba, and North Korea) to a communist sylvan (socialist in the future) is possible. Reviewing the history, these countries had managed to shift to a society that is communal in nature using the revolutions of the masses, the workers or the farmers. However, the answer is not as simple as it seems to be.Though the answer is straight yes, we must remember that the damage to pay for this kind of shift is hefty and huge. We must remember that these countries managed to attain communal revolutions through the shoemakers last of hundreds of thousands or even millions of lives. In the case of China, much of their cultural and historical artifacts were destroyed and holdd for these kinds of shift and revolution. The communal revolution had been so bloody and costly that it connotes negativity for many people (Gascoigne, 2010).Now, we must ask ourselves if we are leave aloneing to pay the price for this kind of revolution. are we ready to let go the benefits, the beauty and the luxuriousness of a capitalist society for the pursuit of the idea of a just and stable society? Are we ready to give up our properties and let the central government to make up on what we have to do or what will be our job? Are we ready to boycott anything that is a product of the capitalist system? Are we ready to go underground and grab weapons and arms to fight the reigning capitalist class?All of these questions must be answered first before we can be able to decide if we are ready to pursue the just and orderly society that a communal society (that abolishes private property) promises. Lastly, it is important to note for each one of us that the basis of our discussion for the criteria of our just and order society are only the writings of thinkers such as Plato, Engels and Marx. We are never sure if their ideas can genuinely work on the real world.Reviewing the history with the nations and countries that follow them, we can conclude that the communal government that abolished private property is not as perfect as what is seems to be (though we can also argue that they were amiss(p) in understanding and following these thinkers). However, the question will remain simple, The question is simply, Are we ready to sacrifice our current societal arrangement for the pursuit of an idea that are not still sur e. This is a very important question. This is an addition to the difficulty of the shift or revolution itself.These questions should be answered before we have to do anything. It is very difficult that in the end, as we pursue these ideas, we will found ourselves in the end discomfited because of the mistakes, errors and inaccuracy that made us sacrificed what we already had. The point in this discussion is simple. Assuming that the thinkers in the name of Plato, Engels and Marx were true (which is difficult to prove), the question whether we can create a just and orderly society remain complicated. It is no longer a simple Yes or No.The capitalist system and framework had been so broad and huge that it became difficult to kill it. Even if we managed to kill it, there is also a possibility that we can also be killed in the process due to our heavy dependence on it. It can be said that the last ten generations had been bred by the capitalist system making it difficult for any one of us to counter it. However, the possibility of shifting to a society that Marx and Plato had thought is still possible. Yet, the question will remain, Are we ready to do what is necessary to achieve such system?

View from the bridge Essay Example for Free

peck from the tie EssayConvention of a western gun fight related relates to the idea of Brooklyn organism the Wild West. In the 1950 cowpuncher films were real popular. They all had certain common redeem into it which moth miller uses to personate his confrontation. In a cowboy film you will have oneness gun fighter feeler d take in the main street. in the play Marco appears outside, walking down the door from a distance point, consequently you will have one gun fighter refusing to leave the town Eddie says where? Where am I pass? , one gun fighter adjusting his belt Eddie hosting his pants ,the arriving of a gun fighter asking for a challenge. .Marco is calling as he nears the door shouting Eddie Carbone and the other fighter issuing a coming back challenge Eddie as though flinging his challenge. Eddie shouts out his name three times to show he is not ashamed of his name because the whole play is about reputation and people wanting on that point call to be respected. In the counter challenge an actor would show Eddies aggression by swaggering his embody as he walks up to Marco, his voice would be sounding aggressive to show anger and travelling bag his arms as he punches the air. Millers also has a western convention of a agitate of no lookers standing on the side walks watching the fight.Miller has realised that people enjoy watching a fight, nevertheless are not willing to try to stop it. Eddies public address on constitute is a dramatic pause because it is full of rhetorical querys which nobody can answer back. He wants the crowd to answer yes but the audience and Marco know that its false. He does this to make the crowd on coiffe his side. This is very dramatic because Eddie uses strong accusations on Marco how ungrateful he has been and also refers to the story of the Good Samaritan in the intelligence to make his accusation stronger. During all this Marco is impassive which makes him menacing and this would frustrate Eddie.Moreove r the silent Marco is waiting wish a silent gunfighter waiting for his opponent to make the first move. Miller brings in the western cowboy style by making Marco and Eddie spread there arms just like two cowboys with there gun hovering over there own gun butts in a western film. This fight amidst Marco and Eddie is very brutal because they are both trying to use there physical power against distributively other. Eddie pulls out a knife out to finish the fight off like in a street fight because he knows Marco is stronger. Immediately Marco strikes him and shouts animaaaaal and later he says it again to show that Eddie does not reason.Miller has the fight so brute to show that men dont reason when they are controlled by passion and it raises the question whether this is the way men behave. Miller want to make it clear that what ever the characters on stage skill think this is not an honourable ting to do. Eddie is being forced to stab him self is symbiotic of his own self destruct ion in a tragedy. The ace has to realise what he should have done earlier actually dieing. When Eddie says My B he realises it is Beatrice he loves. When the tragic hero dies, the audience feel sympathy because he would have avoided the whole thing at the beginning.At the moment of Eddies death a dramatic tableau vivant is created when Eddie dies in Beatrices arms as she covers Eddie in her body. At the end of the play the crowd on stage turn to the audience and the lights are turned down leaving Beatrice and Eddie in a glow tour behind in dull prayers of the people and the keening of for women continue. The audience see a man who is dead with his married woman and her women keening in the background in dull prayers. The idea of dull prayers is Eddie didnt die as a hero instead he dies as a waste. All this puts the audience in the right frame of school principal to listen to the epilogue.The epilogue, a traditional feature of a tragedy, delivers the moral to remind the audience . For example in Romeo and Juliet the princes content was what hatred would bring to families and in Macbeth, Malcolm says that a good king brigs peace and harmony. In view from the bridge the epilogue is that men who are pure in following there code of honour but the code of honour itself was perverse because it doesnt allow those who follow it to settle for half. However another persons tragedy is entertain if it doesnt evolve you or if the same thing doesnt take on to you. Miller finishes with an ellipsis followed by the word alarm.He wants to alarm the audience what would happen if they allowed passion to control them. Millers point towards the play is to remind people what would happen if countries started behaving like people. There will be massive amounts of lives lost, for example the USA fighting with Iraq. However what happens if a country decides to take the law into there own hands and not settle for half? Simon Gesage surface preview only The above preview is unforma tted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Transitional Curriculum in Aesthetic Teaching Essay Example for Free

Transitional Curriculum in Aesthetic Teaching EssayAccording to the author, teacher self-efficacy is a belief in ones self to organize and execute actions for the students to learn. He presented the consider which he himself doing it for the past two decades of teaching. The objectives of the study is to validate the sources voice of teaching run across based on Albert Banduras self-efficacy which include the objectives of finding important aspects in succeederful curriculum revision, find out the reasons in revising the curriculum in Aesthetic Teaching, identifying factors and analysing units in book revision including approaches and methods, and generate success stories of the revised books had to clients as well as proposing plans to upgrade the teachers attitudinal change. Short literature look back focuses on the past learning concepts and theories that supported his studies with emphasis on progression, curriculum realignment. Qualitative research was originally used in his studies with grounded theory, content analysis, descriptions, and narratives from verbal testimonies as primary methodologies with the use of simple percentages and ranks. The reasons in piece of writing his books were categorized into three themes of personal regard, professional stewardship, and social responsibility.CHED Competencies, PRC/LET Competencies and NCBTS domains were the factors in a series of revisions. The author believed in his studies and came up with the good and sound results and concluded that any action initiated is mandated by the school, writers personality and experiences with others, clients needs and feedbacks, trends and curricular standards, and philosophical frameworks determine self-efficacy in some(prenominal) curriculum decision undertaken. He also concluded that revised books had contributed to a non-stressful learning environment as a threshold for students academic freedom that enhanced career performance.

Underage Drinking Essay Example for Free

Underage Drinking EssayThe young at this days is drinking much much than the youth in the past and this is a handsome problem because the world is having more criminality and deaths because of this. The number of women since 1977 to 1993 tripled and there are more men drinking than women. 5000 adolescents a year are death because of alcohol. A 60 percent of college women who had sexual transmitted diseases where on the influence of alcohol, 90 percent of the campus rapes were because or the victim or the aggressor were in the influence of alcohol. 5 percent of campus criminalities are because of the influence of alcohol. And also more than half of the students of 140 different colleges affirm that they attain very drunk with alcohol and most of them don? t are twenty-one years old. 40 percent of students of 12th grade drink, more than 20 percent of 10th grade students drink, and almost 20 percent of 8th grade students drink all this is only in the US and there are countries with more drunk students.The consequences of this areIn the brain adults can have problems with long term remembrance and long term thinking, adolescents have more problems, because they have this and almost always they show long-lasting scathe from alcohol as they grow. In the liver they have high liver enzymes what shows heavy liver damage, and sometimes obesity. In growth and endocrine effects puberty is an age in which there are many changes and growth. With alcohol this growth is not complete and it may trouble the generation of hormones necessary for organs, muscles, and bones.In humanitarian it may be problematic with the maturation or reproductive organs. In conclusion, there are more people that drink that in the past and this is very bad because they hurt them, also their victims, the family of their victims, and even their get family so we have to find a solution for this. Also the death of the young people is change magnitude and there are more people dying also bec ause of car crashes and criminalities.

Psychological Influence of Fashion Essay Example for Free

mental Influence of Fashion EssayWhen one thinks of the identity crisis that plagues tribe, one is able to discern the connection amidst way and its lure on people. Conformity comes in many forms and affects many aspects of jejunes lives. Do adolescents take up a certain way of dressing because everyone else is dressing up that way? Do they let their tomentum cerebri grow long one year and cut it short the next because of fashion? Conformity occurs when individuals engage the attitudes or behavior of others because of real or imagined pressure from them. Indeed, the pressure to conform to peers becomes very strong during the adolescent years (Santrock, John 1998. p. 211). More than any other outward manifestation of a persons temperament, the clothes has a language all its own. It is a nonverbal system of communication that symbolizes the beliefs and thinking of an individual. In an encounter, before people even speak to one another, their clothing makes a statement that expresses their age, sex, class, occupation and personality (Flynn, Patricia). Clothing has a language all its own.It can range from conventional and traditional to the outrageous and nonconcentric styles. Dress can identify its wearer with a social group. For example, jeans never go out of style with teens. The going away just lies in the style, cost and labels that identify them as designer. Wearing jeans may symbolize that the individuals are members of the akin group (Flynn, Patricia). For example during the 1950s, teenage clothing styles grew amidst the economic prosperity after World War II. The consumer food market targeted those who were pampered and had money to spend on clothes.At the start, the adult designers were the trendsetters in terms of fashion sense. But the teens began to control their own individuality and sported only the styles they most prefer. To these youth, this was a form of their self-expression (Flynn, Patricia). Image builders give a expectant de al of thought to the types of images that would have the strongest appeal to the greatest number of people. Merchandisers reason that they could build into their products the same traits that people recognize in themselves.Studies of narcissism indicate that nothing appeals more to people than themselves so why not help people buy a projection of themselves? That way, the images would pre-select their audiences, select out of a consuming macrocosm people with personalities having an affinity for the image. By building in traits known to be widely dispersed among the consuming public the image builders reason that they could spark love affairs by the millions. The sale of self-images expedited the movement of hundreds of millions of dollars value of clothing, accessories and other beauty products.Thus, the image builders prove again and again that American consumers are becoming self-image buyers. remainder Young people, having identified with many models, have incorporated many different characteristics. Now they must integrate, synthesize, and reorganise these, dropping some characteristics and strengthening others. A new, unique and coherent identity emerges, one in which, the only has a different quality than the sum of its parts (Erikson, 1959, p. 90). Fashion and style exerts a different strain of mental influence of people, especially adolescents since they are pampered by society.A cast consumer market is bombarded with the advantages of being in a group by adapting a distinctive sense of fashion. It is, therefore, important that people understand the psychological influences underlying this issue. slew must be critical in recognizing that merchandisers of many different products connected with fashion probes peoples subsurface desires, needs and drives to find their points of vulnerability. (Santrock, John 1998. p. 211). Among the subsurface motivating factors found on the emotional profile of most of us are the drives to conformity, need for o ral stimulation and yearning for security.People must be critical in understanding that once these points of vulnerability are isolated, the psychological maulers are fashioned and baited and placed deep in the merchandising sea for unwary prospective customers, particularly the youth.ReferencesCovey, Stephen R. Living the 7 Habits. (1999) Erikson, E. (1959). Identity Youth and Crisis. New York W. W. Norton. Fashion. Nationmaster. Retrieved Feb. 21, 2007 at http//www. nationmaster. com/encyclopedia/Fashion Flynn, P. (1985). Body style The Language of Contemporary Fashion. Accessed 12

Origin of babies Essay Example for Free

Origin of babies EssayOnce, there is young man who wished to ache a good life, a great family he can call his sustain and offspring that he wanted to share his life with. During his bachelorhood, he would usually sit on his patio and think of these things. long time went by and he was able to marry the love of his life, the queen of his heart. He shared with her, his intakes when he was serene a bachelor and unitedly, they made that single simple daydream come true. Under the clear docile sky of Paris, they both decided to have a family of their own, raise kids and be good parents.Soon after, their dream materialized and was blessed with a son. Being the kind of man that he his, he wants to raise his son the aforesaid(prenominal) way that his parents did to me. He would read to his son stories that deal with bravery, courage and respect to others. They were both a gentle parent to their son they would give him all that he want if it is the best for him. When he was a s ocio-economic class older, his father wants to mold his son into the kind of man that he is. They would often go out together and enjoy things that boys really do enjoy. Years and years passed, the son was already full-grown.He had finished college, had a secure job and is intending to marry his college girlfriend. They got married after several months of preparation and eventually bore their own child and a grandchild to their parents. The life cycle was already completed. The cycle of human life is chain and so it needs to be fulfilled step-by-step in order to arrive at the finish line. Upon the fork over of their son, they were able to satisfy their urge of having a child and raise it the same that their parents did to them. They were able to fulfill the dream of their parents who wanted to see little children running around the lawn.

Propaganda and women during Essay Example for Free

Propaganda and women during EssayPropaganda was used in field War One to make authorized that people only knew what the Government wanted them to. To make sure everyone thought the same way as the judicature all information was controlled. Newspapers were expected to print what the government wanted and the newspapers started using emotional headlines, even if they werent true. Some examples of these headlines are-Belgium childs hand cut off by Germans-Germans crucify Canadian officerAnyone caught spreading the truth would be arrested. Propaganda aimed at WomenWhile the men were skining it was left to the women to do the mens jobs and treat injured soldiers. To foreshorten the women to do this propaganda was used. The Red Cross used pride in this poster to try and get women to join.Propaganda aimed at MenThis poster uses pride to try and get the men to join the army, this poster is showing a mans children asking him what he did in the war. The government are trying to say t hat if you fight in the war your family would be proud of you.Untrue storiesMonks in Antwerp were existence forced to ring bells to maintain the Germans invading the city. The monks refused to do this so were tied to the castanets of the bells and being used as human clappers which killed them. This was untrue but a brilliant way for the British government to make people hatred the Germans even more. German Newspaper headlines-English soldiers put plague germs in German wells. -German prisoners blinded by their allied Captors. Women during WW1While the men were fighting someone had to do their jobs so this usually fell to the women. Some of the jobs they were effrontery were nurses, working in munitions factories (which often turned their hair and skin yellow due to the chemicals), in overt transport, as police women, ambulance drivers, fire fighters, in post offices, making weapons and farming. Towards the end of the war some women were being recruited into the army as cooks , clerks and electricians so that all the men could fight. Most women would still have to do the cooking, cleanup spot and other household chores as well as their day jobs. The women also knitted scarves, hats and gloves to send to the soldiers. This is non often recognised and they didnt always get there but if they did the soldiers were grateful.The Womens Land ArmyIn WW1 the German navy stopped forage being imported to England and this made up 50% of the food eaten in England. In 1917 the harvest failed and there were not many reserves. Rations were put in place and the British made do. There was also a shortage of farm labourers as most men were verboten fighting. The government set up the land army which allowed women to become farm labourers which would not have been allowed before. By 1918 there were 23,000 Land girls that would milk the cattle, plough the fields and herd the cattle. The Land army stopped in 1919 as the men returned home and food was able to imported agai n.

Cyborgs Unplugged Essay Example for Free

Cyborgs Unplugged EssayFirstly, it is necessary to note that the author provides rather inte tranquillitying and extraordinary interpretations of human being comparability them with cyborgs. In such a way, he wants to show that human are convertible to machines and their thinking is similar to that of the cyborgs. The author assumes that nowadays people are more and more becoming electronic cyborgs as they are more exposed to electronic technologies. He explains that being a cyborg doesnt me to cave in wires and chips cyborgs are defined in more profound sense of being human-technology symbionts. Therefore, he state that humans are thinking and reasoning systems whose minds and selves are spread across biological brain and non-biological circuitry. Furthermore, the author admits that cyborg is a product of 21st century. The author tries to re-shape the image of a human, to explain the features of human intelligence as well as to discuss complex relationships. Nevertheless, t he article isnt devoted to new technology it alone tries to explain human way of behaving and thinking on the base of using technological language and examples.The article, actually, discusses the temper of human brain, mind, culture and biology. One of the most interesting moments is authors description of a human working day and drawing comparison wit that of an electronic cyborg. The author asserts that people are blind by Western prejudice according to which human mind is deeply special and distinct from the rest of the natural order. The author defends the idea that it is cognitive machinery that should be paid more attention nowadays, because he thinks that machinery is housed with skin and skull of a human.Consequently, the brain is a complex and important part of cognitive machinery, though it is not considered a part of mental machinery. Therefore, the author tries to explain how the brain, technology and body are able to meliorate problem-solving machine. However, peopl e are not thinking about themselves as natural-born cyborgs. Therefore, the question is should people consider themselves electronic cyborgs? References Clark, Andy. (2003). Natural-Born Cyborgs Mind, Technologies and the Future of Human Intelligence. New York Oxford University Press.

Diverse Racial Experience Essay Example for Free

Diverse racial Experience EssayThe chapter by Ruth Frankenberg entitled, Introduction Points of Origin, Points of Departure, argues that the way one is perceived in clubhouse drastically changes their experience and advantage everywhere others. Therefore, albumen wo manpower are often distinguished by their artlessness which gives them a more(prenominal) diverse racial experience (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 1). With being white comes various additional components that come it apart from the other expedited women of the world. More all over, being a white woman automatically links them to a more favourable point of superiority in the way that they are often identified. This means that they get authentic benefits by being white, as colonialism positioned them to have a large portion of control condition and authority over others. This provides them with the advantage to define the public and its individual beings the way they believe or want it to be. Moreover, they chance on their ingenuousness as a normative position in society that is invisible. Frankenbergs goal is to make naturalness visible so that a white person support identify that they have an advantage over a person of color by virtue of their skin. She also takes into consideration the intersectionality of mark, culture, ethnicity, sex, and sexuality in a white racialized body (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 1).Colonization is an important factor to Frankenberg because of how it uncovers the concept of purity and how it subsequently became associated to a position of authority and power. In the article The Murder of Pamela George, the author observes that history of colonial violence permitted white men to annex land that did non belong to them and treat it as though they were entitled to it (Razack, 2004 ,pp.127). This perception has perpetuated the control and authority of white people through divulge history.A critique in the second wave of feminism do white feminists reconsider what and for whom they were advocating. The safari of feminism was envisioned to include all women but it only when targeted one specific group of white middle class women. This occurred because the women could only see there scummy from their particular standpoint. This is seen in the article The Problem That Has No Name by Betty Friedan since she assumes that all women are kindred and all have the same lived experiences. She does non consider race, class, and sexuality as a factor in feminism (1997).White women mostly consider their whiteness as undetectable and thus non candid to racism (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 3). These white feminists in the second wave were unintentionally being racist towards other women this make them unsure about how to precede and resolve this issue (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 4). Frankenberg educated herself about racism by place herself to learn from the standpoint of women of food coloring. Enakshi Dua stated in her article that, in order to understand how race and gender are interconnected one has to listen to the lived experiences of women of colour (2005, pp. 64). Frankenberg followed this method formulating questions that she wanted to investigate to find out how racism affects a white womens life and how society propagates racism through societal means. aft(prenominal) answering these questions Frankenberg proceeded to figure out how white women can fight against racism.Most white women believe that their race is invisible and do not realize that it gives them a distinct experience in the world. This is because the dominant class structures society and thus normalizes whiteness. White women and women of colour have distinct experiences that are subject to how they experience racism. flannel is socially constructed and it does affect a white womens life. However, white women usually tended to regard racism as something that has no effect on them and that women of colour only have to live through (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 6). T his belief does not put the onus on the white people and it does not identify the perpetrator of the subjection. Racism does not just happen, it is constructed (Tim Wise 2005). Therefore, it impacts the lives of white women which makes race and gender intersectional for all women not just women of colour.There is a denial in the observations that there is one specific dominating male gender. There is also an teemingness of only white womens experiences by this masculine hegemon. After women realized that the world view did not only have to be seen on a male standpoint the world started to shift views (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 8). Women of colour now want to focus on a standpoint from a radicalized point of view in order to stop racism. Moreover, since white people are the oppressors they cannot see how their situation is reinforcing racism.People of colour are the oppressed and know exactly how they are underprivileged. Subsequently, women of colour were the first to see how gender, r ace and class forms a persons experience in life (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 8). White women did not see their race as something that was constructed. They did not see themselves as racialized because they were coming from a position of privilege. This position for a white person was normalized throughout American history. Therefore, in order to deconstruct race white women have to admit it is something that affects them (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 11).Race is in a fluid motion and changes constantly with society because it is an economic and political construct. Historically, the white dominance was vindicated because of spurious biological account that white people were superior (Frankenberg, 1993, pp. 13). This biology justified colonization as wellhead as the enslavement of people of colour that soon followed. The justification shifted to culture as the reason that made people inferior and if they integrated with American culture they would achieve success on merit care white people. However, this belief kept blaming people of colour for their position in society.People of colour were first seen as different from white people, then there was an embrace of colour blindness, and finally people realized that they require to be able to see the differences in society so they can explain them. This last movements purpose was to make people aware of race this was led by the people of colour themselves. They did not want to be invisible because there situation was not improving because people were ignoring the primal problem.The racialization of people of colour and white people was constructed with colonization. The European culture was embedded into the way the United States constructed its country. This constructed whiteness as belonging and being a person of colour as an outsider (Dua 2005, pp. 60). The dominant horse opera culture which was white- positioned itself to dominant over the other races. This created the standard citizen that belonged and made people of colour not include in the so called superior western culture.Frankenbergs argument illuminates how the dominant class rationalized whiteness as not being racialized. Colonization formed the dominant race and reproduced it through society. By normalizing whiteness the white people did not need to consider how it benefited them and subsequently how it negatively affected people of colour. By designation whiteness, Frankenberg pass on be able to pinpoint how that perception can change so that people can be equal even with there differences. In conclusion, by admitting that white people are racialized will assist anti-racist feminists in their mission to stop the racialization of all people. This would stop white people from believing that they are the only ones that belong in North America and eventually create a system establish on meritocracy rather then privilege by virtue of a persons skin.

Human Factors Engineering †Geriatrics Essay Example for Free

piece Factors Engineering Geriatrics EssayProfessionals in gerontology and geriatrics estimate that by the middle of the 21st century, more than 60 million of the great unwashed in the joined States will be senior than 65. Many of these mountain will cross the 85-age-line (Schulz, 2007). In this context, old people do not simply live longer, but keep active and productive and strive to guard their individual independence even in aged(a) age. Obviously, these demographic shifts are extremely challenging to society.As long as the process of senescence is associated with biological, psychological, physiological, and cognitive changes, older people spirit a hale set of issues, when trying to preserve stability of their links with the real-world environments. These are often impossible without using technologies. Human factors applied attainment is expected to make valuable contribution in geriatrics, making aging population less(prenominal) vulnerable to the abovement ioned changes, and enhancing the quality of life among older adults.As a multidisciplinary science, kind-hearted factors engineer is about numerous issues, but in this officiate special attention will be given to shoes and work activities (social aspects of valet de chambre factors engineering), as easy as the problems older people may experience with vision and sense of hearing (individual aspects of human factors engineering). To begin with, human factors engineering is the study of human beings and their interactions with products, environments, and equipment in the performance of tasks and activities (Schulz, 2007).It is a multidisciplinary subject area in that it encompasses the disciplines of psychology, physiology, engineering, biomechanics, and computer science. Regardless of whether in aging, in pediatrics, or in adulthood, human factors engineering seeks to fall upon specific human capabilities, their limitations associated with age, the impact of these limitation s on individuals interactions with the real-world environments, and the ways of improving these interactions.When it comes to geriatrics as the science of aging, human factors engineering is to address the four essential aspects, which actually shape an older persons humans work, home, transportation, and product design (Schulz, 2007). Some authors also include communication, safety and security, and leisure into the list of critical human factors engineering elements in aging (Czaja, 1990). Certainly, home and home activities present the greatest challenges to older people. Against a habitual belief, many an(prenominal) older people live alone and have to cope (or even to fight) with a hearty set of home activities.A incite from living alone, many older people are likely to overhaul most of their time at home, and many of them will also face a difficulty in playing even simple tasks like bathing, cooking, washing, cleaning, etc. The most common home traumas include falls, fi re (e. g. from cooking), and poisoning from gases and vapors (Czaja, 1990). Given that to live alone for older people means to preserve their individuality, and that performing their home tasks without external assistance works to enhance their self-esteem, several technological and social solutions can financial aid older people cope with these challenges.First of all, appropriate home design may substantially dilute the risk of traumas convenient stairways, better lighting, handrails all these can successfully remedy human factors issues in geriatrics (Schulz, 2007). Second, when it comes to ho rehearsehold chores, a range of in-home services including delivered meals and home health visits can extend the ability of the ancient to live independently (Czaja, 1990). However, older peoples striving to independence is not limited to home activities.Work remains one of the critical factors of social and individual success later in life. Objectively, and in the light of the current demographic trends, businesses are no longer able to design work environments in a way that fits both younger and older actors clearly, most businesses and industries now need to develop strategies to oblige an aging workforce (Schulz, 2007). In this context, the two essential individual factors of aging come into place. First, business owners face a challenge of compensating for age-related visual deficits.Second, they are also bound to comply and cope with hearing issues in older workers. These two aspects are fairly regarded as the two most important human engineering factors of aging (Charness Schaie, 2003). It is difficult to deny the fact that the changes in peripheral vision, color perceptions, motion perceptions, as well as anatomical changes in hearing, the loss of frequency and intensity of sound perceptions, as well as distorted sound localization may significantly reduce and even discriminate against the older workers desire and ability to work.At the same time, more a nd more older people remain in the workforce many of them undertake part-time jobs. Not only does work help older people preserve their individuality and independence, but it also relieves the social and unemployment burden at the state and federal official levels (Czaja, 1990). That is why businesses do not have any other choice but to seek sound human factors engineering solutions to cope with the discussed issues. Unfortunately, although the amount of information about aging is affluent, the data on the implications of aging for work is sort of scarce.Generally, books on human factors engineering refer to ergonomic considerations (better workplace design, accommodation, and possible use of assistive technologies), equipment redesign, and possible training needs (Schulz, 2007). These, however, do not address such factors of aging in work environments as vanisheeism and turnover (Czaja, 1990). As a result, when it comes to work environments, jobs for older people should be inten tional to help them preserve their productivity and remain a part of the workforce, even when the need to be absent from work arises.For example, the use of computer technologies could help older people take jobs that do not subscribe leaving their homes. When it comes to vision and hearing issues, a range of information processing computer software could be utilized to enhance the quality of older peoples interactions with the real world (Charness Schaie, 2003). In equivalent ways, technology can be successfully used to help older people train their memory, cognitive skills, and attention.For example, older people can be trained to use computer technologies as a part of their attention and memory improvement strategies. Similar recommendations can also cover the areas of communication, transportation, and leisure. Unfortunately, professional human factors engineering research is only at the initial stage of its evolution, and whether older people are given a chance to participat e in the major life activities also depends on how well human factors engineering professionals will perform in terms of empirical and practical research.Also, how well businesses and authorities use and carry through recommendations and requirements presented as a result of human factors engineering research will predetermine older people success in socialization, work, communication and other life activities. Conclusion Human factors engineering is a multidisciplinary science that studies the ways in which humans interact with different environments. When it comes to geriatrics, human factors engineering is expected to study older peoples work and personal capabilities, their limitations, and the ways of addressing and overcoming them.Given that more and more older people live alone and strive to keep their jobs as a matter of better self-esteem and independence, many of them may face serious challenges associated with inevitable physiological biological, cognitive, and mechanica l changes. Although the data regarding possible human factors solutions is rather limited, it is very probable that the nearest decade will give older people broader opportunities for self-realization in various social domains, from work to leisure and communication.

Architecture of the 20th Century

Architecture of the 20th Century mend discussing the subject of fashion forgeerure of the 20th century, the preaching is incomplete with knocked out(p) a special mention of Robert Venturi. The man started his life in Philadelphia on 25th June, 1925 he went on to become wiz of the most prevalent detects in American architecture. The information on Venturi includes a special mention of his wife Denise Scott Brown. 1960 was the family they root be on meet , got married in 1967 they nonplus always been together ever since . This husband and wife team did remarkable choke in the arena of architecture, launching themselves with their joint venture better recognized as Venturi, Scott Brown Associates (VSBA). Architecture steeped in public symbolism. Kitsch had become art in designs which exaggerate or stylize cultural icons. 1Some of the most fundamental design strategies adopted by Brown were theory is not the rule of thumb, catch to transcript, drawing-a must have, melodic themetion is continuous etc.According to Robert and Denise, theory is not the rule of thumb. While most architects glued to theory when it comes to grooming designs, Robert Venturi and Denise Scotte Brown thought the opposite way. According to them design process should not be dominated by the theory. This was despite the fact that both of them were swell up know theoreticians. Venturi even went on to say that the artist is not someone who designs in order to prove his or her theory and certainly not to suit an ideology2While most of the architects followed the philosophy of not copying, Venturi and Brown had a different point of view here too. They believed that they could learn more by copying the sues of the masters. As Venturi correctly puts forth, It is better to be good than to be original. 3 But, this in no way meant a complete imitation. To this, Denise Scott Brown bring ons it clear that they copy ideology that they copy ideologies. The duo only took copying to the ext ent of drawing inspiration. Their inspiration was a base to develop kick upstairs designs. Venturi says, You have to have something basic that you either build on or evolve from or snub against. You have to have something there in the first place and the only way to get it is to copy, in a good sense of the word.3One, of course, needs to possess certain skills to leave a mark the orbit of architecture. According to Robert and Denise, drawing was the most essential one. Referring to the skill as a facility between exit and mind, Denise Scott Brown also said that it was essential for designers to master drawing in order to succeed. She believed that it oft happened that the conk draws something, which the mind interprets in a different way and you draw a whole in the altogether idea from it.In an era where everyone thought that handwriting has a little significance as everything can be done using specially designed software, the duo has its arguments ready. People who can draw very well and who control line weight well in hand technique are the ones who mapping the information processing system imaginatively,4 they asserted.Who says that you need to sit down in a board room to ideate? Well, not Venturi at least. In his opinion ideation cannot be bound by place or time he believed that one could ideate anytime and anywhere, even epoch talking. Venturi alleged that even while talking one suddenly sees something else out of the corner of their eye and they think of something they wouldnt have done separatewise. He also opined that you ideate more while body of working on other projects and averred the idea only comes after great struggle and agony.5Some of the classical buildings built by the duo are The Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1962, Brant House in Greenwich, computed tomography in 1973, Gordon Wu Hall in Princeton, New Jersey in 1983, Bank building in Celebration in Florida in 1994 and more an(prenominal) m ore.Since mid 1960s Robert and Denise greatly altered the landscape of the American Architectural thought their processes and practices with their design strategies. Robert Venturis book Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture became a spousal relationship point for budding architects around the globe who had become cynical with the stylistic restrictions of the International Style as a result of which the book provided a manifesto for the Post-Modern movement in architecture. Followed by this out of his teachings at Yale came his 1972 book Learning from Las Vegas which was co-authored by Steven Izenour and Denise Scott Brown. The architectural domain of a function was once again astonished by this work. The the crummy and the sign-filled Vegas strip was transformed from existence an architectural aberration to a vernacular art form which be serious study. Venturi felt that the Decorated Shed and various other types of roadside buildings offered design lessons that could n ot be left attended, an he argued that architects require to face the reality and symbolize the popularly built environment with buildings equivalent to that environment.6Kitsch is reflected as a form of art that is substandard and is a tasteless copy of an a complementary style of art or is a nugatory replica of art of recognized value.7 The deliberate use of elements that may be considered as cultural icons is what this concept is related toKitsch can also be delimitate as the genres of art that aesthetically lack whether or not beingness theatrical, sentimental, glamorous, or creative and that make creative gestures which simply reflect the superficial appearances of art by means of repeated conventions and formulae. This term is often associated with excessive sentimentality. 8The emergence of post modernistism in the 1980s, blurred the borders between kitsch and high art yet again. The approval of what is called battalion taste which may be related to, but is not the same as camp when utilise as a gay sensibility was one development.An unreal or an assumed illustration from the world of painting would be a kitsch image of a deer by a lake. In making camp, panting a sign beside it, saying No Swimming. The majestic or romantic perception of a stately animal would be punctured by humor the conception of an animal receiving a a penalty for the breach of the rule is out rightly ludicrous. The primordial, reflective sentimentality of the motif is neutralized, and thus, it becomes camp.A some things that posed as interesting challenges were the conceptual art and deconstruction, because, talking of kitsch, in favour of elements that enter it by relating to other spheres of life they downplayed the formal structure of the artwork.Inspite of this fact, many in the art world continue to hasp onto some sense of the dichotomy between art and kitsch, excluding all sentimental and realistic art from being considered seriously. This has come under the scanner of the critics, who now argue for a renewed art and figurative painting, without the cite for it appearing innovative or new.Whatever may be the scenario, there is difficulty in shaping boundaries between kitsch and fine art since the beginning of postmodernism, the word kitsch is commonly used to label anything seen as being in poor taste still.This postmodern architecture influenced by Venturi was further prejudiced by many architects like Philip Johnson and Robert A.M Stern.When talking about American architecture, there is no way one can look across out on Philip Johnson. One of the most notable and renowned American architects, he was the winner of the first Pritzker Architecture Prize. For establishing the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art, New York is imputeed to him.Philip was born in 1906 in Cleveland. He played a vital role in creating and understanding the urban skyscrapers done America. Johnson was an advocate of simple style and thus he played a significant role in strengthening the minimalist trend. The work of various modern architects, including Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier was comprehensively supported by Johnson. He was a co-author of the popular book, The International Style. The techniques of the Bauhaus were introduced to America by this book.By the time Johnson reached the age of mid-thirties hewas discontented with his role of an author and curator. So he studied under the architect Marcel Breuer at The Graduate School of Design. Johnson designed his own home in New Canaan, Connecticut shortly after his graduation. His first architectural work, his house is considered one of his most remarkable works. The house was a glass house and featured an exposed steel frame. Johnson continued with his architectural quest and went on to design numerous public buildings and houses after his own house. Johnson designed some of his well-known works, notably the Seagram Building in New York City during this time.Johnson had a more inspired than individualist stint with architecture initially. His initial work carried a strong bear mark of Mies van der Rohe. However, an individualistic touch could be seen in his work by 1960s. Infused with historical elements, his style of architecture showcased how one could aesthetically incorporate domes and colonnades in a building. He created some of his most monumental works of his life only after he discovered his individualistic architectural sense. Some of these include the Sheldon Art Gallery at the University of Nebraska, the New York State Pavilion at the Worlds Fair and the New York State Theater in New York City. By the 1970s and 1980s, he began experimenting with the grain and color of the exterior of his creations at large though he was still stuck with his original style of architecture. directly in his nineties, Johnson is considered as one of the last modern architects that we have. With a run of nearly 70 days in the fie ld of architecture, he has surely carved his niche and pass on continue to inspire many architects in the times to come.Another popular name in American architecture is of Robert Arthur Morton Stern, also known as Robert A.M. Stern. He is an American architect and presently the Dean of Yale University School of Architecture. His work is usually expound as postmodern. However, a dominating emphasis on continuity of tradition in his work is witnessed which cannot be ruled out. No wonder, he recently used the phrase modern traditionalist to describe his work.As a designer in the office of Richard Meier he started his career in 1966. But he soon quit from his job and established his own firm, Stern and Hagmann in 1969. He formed the firmwith a fellow student at the Yale University named John S. Hagmann. This was followed by the establishment of the successor firm, Robert A.M. Stern Architects, a name still very popular in American architecture.He has a broad portfolio to his credit wh en talking about his work. Some of his more notable projects in the public domain include Lakewood Public depository library in Lakewood, Ohio, the main library in Columbus, Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta and many more. Stern was also a notable author apart from being a successful architect. He has authored New York 1880, New York 1960, and New York 2000- a series that documents the evolution and history of the architecture of New York City.This postmodern architecture has his roots deep in the past, as is evident from his work. His buildings showcase a deep heart for the past. His most notable project with The Walt Disney Company reiterates the same. He served the company in the position of Board of theatre director for the tenure 1992-2003.His boardwalk at Disney World is suggestive of an American seaside village from the early 20th century. You will be reminded of how architecture has evolved from Victorian to the Vienna Secessionist movement while you have a look at his build ings. The mini village beautified with artifacts from various eras, though not exactly historical, comes across as a ambition like walk. And not to forget the Beach club, that reflects the 19th century American Resort architecture in its true form.With a huge pool of work and a design philosophy that combined the go around of modernism and tradition, Stern is certainly not a name to be forgotten in the architectural realm.Though his broad horizon of work is a feat in itself, he has several other achievements to his credit as well. A Driehaus Prize laureate, he went on to win several awards. In the year 1984, he was awarded with the AIA New York Chapters Medal of Honor. He was also conferred the Chapters Presidents Award in 2001. He also has to his credit the Scully Prize from the National Building Museum, Athena Award from the Congress for the New Urbanism and the Board of Directors Honor from the constitute of Classical Architecture and Classical America.Since long and even now Philips designs in PoMo mode reveal a decent to the level of kitsch that appears lest camp in its motivation than simply and unmitigately cheap in its effect 9. In the aesthetic program of Robert Venturi kitsch and the area of everyday culture was used. But at the same time in his artistic designs, he generally elevated them. In the circle of architects Robert Venturi an Robert A M Stern, the so called Greys Designers whose work used the hybrid culture idioms of American day to day life as starting points of their new artistic direction including kitsch and pop. 10 Thus Robert Venturi, Philip and Robert A M Stern are three flamboyant modern architects whose contribution to architecture have a made a difference to the architectural world.

Going Green Eco Friendly Practises Politics Essay

discharge kB Eco Friendly Practises Politics EssayGoing chiliad has become a set forth of everyday speech. populate converse with sever wholey some other well-nigh their own eco-friendly commits, the media portrays new pro- surroundingsal techniques, and the government is promoting freeing kibibyte as well. It seems that with the abundance of information intimately macrocosm eco-friendly, much mass would participate. even so, many peck be reticent to joining the green revolution because of two cultural and psycho-social characteristics including type of society they live in, location, race, socioeconomic group, gender, and age. In this essay, I will explore each of these factors and relate them to the bigger issues of taint, global warming, and reduction of the ozone layer, as they affect a military soulnel that is far from creation as green as it could be. These factors will also assist to provide a framework for a society that has the potential to develop eco -friendly habits.The technology for implementing environmentally sound practices is all around us. However, the biggest challenge is non inventing new technology but persuading more(prenominal) than(prenominal) people to adopt technology and practices that already exist (Charles 804). Therefore, it could shake been expect that people did not quest after in pro-environmental activities because of their ignorance specifically, ignorance of the rewards, pleasures, and benefits of world eco-friendly. some(a) enquiryers suggest that one appearance to combat this is by forcing changes upon people. That vogue, they have no choice but to partake in pro-environmental activities. For example, In Juneau, Alaska, a transmission line for power was cut off and the civilians had to adjust their style of living to not liquidate the precious electricity they had left until the line was fixed. After the line was fixed, the eco-friendly practices the people had adopted did not dethaw but w ere still used and consequently the city now saves electrical power every grade (Charles 805). However, every city is not like Juneau, Alaska, and in that respectfore people in other parts of the outlandish may study to be motivated differently. some(prenominal) researchers believe that incentives, mainly in the form of money, need to be produced in order to motivate the creation. What motivates an individual according to Yeonshin Kim is what he calls Perceived Consumer Effectiveness, or PCE, which refers to the terminus to which man-to-mans believe that their actions will make a difference in solving a problem (Ellen, Weiner, and Cobb-Walgren 1991). If an individual has the desire to get involved in pro-environmental action to benefit society, they ar more in all probability to admit that task rather than charge it off. The desire to be green is developed over time and it is ground on individuals experiences. Different experiences vary based on the type of societal tidy sum that an individual inhabits.There atomic number 18 two basic types of societal views that impact eco-friendly initiatives single and collectivistic. Both Yeonshin Kim and Sejung M. Choi, authors of Antecedents of Green Purchase Behavior An Example of Collectivism, environmental Concern, and PCE, as well as Gary Baverstock, an author who writes nigh sustainable energy at the dry landal level, agree that eco-friendly activity is typically smaller in individualistic societies than in collectivistic societies. This is because individuals in individualistic societies, such as Canada and the United top executivedom, typically focus on themselves turn other parts of the society focus on its own problems. Individualistic societies atomic number 18 also typically richer than average. collectivist societies, like many Latin Ameri tidy sum countries, on the other hand, combine the efforts of the individual with those of the community, the government, and the nation as a wh ole, and are typically on the poorer end of the spectrum. Therefore all pro-environmental activities are tell at one goal every finished education, self-interest, or mass movements. These confident(p) actions are the go a right smart of a greater number of individuals that practice self efficacy in collectivistic societies. When individuals have self-assertion in what they do as well as confidence in that it will have a positive effect on others, it is easier to promote pro-environmental actions by them. Irene Tilikidou, author of Types and Influential Factors of Consumers Non-Purchasing Ecological Behaviors, proposes that to encourage such action in collectivistic societies, the government and the community must educate the individual instead of the other way around. This way, people can watch over the values of going green and therefore combine their efforts with others.Collectivistic and individualistic societies can be found all around the world and one key determinin g(prenominal) of whether a society is collectivistic or individualistic is location. Location, therefore, also has a profound effect on the possibility for societies to adopt eco-friendly practices. The Tilikidou survey, which earlier discussed pro-government action to promote eco-friendly actions, was conducted in Greece. One of the key causes of pollution in Greece is caused by their well known traffic problems ( ). However, they are a collectivistic society in which people come to the aid of others in times of need. If the government directs its efforts at educating the populous on the benefits of public transit, it is possible for Greece to start working its way into its own green revolution. Tilikidou also describes how people must have a desire to change. If they are not inclined to become eco-friendly in the first place, it will be untold more difficult for them to adopt such practices. Luckily, Greece is a collectivistic boorish. In other words it can be assumed that more citizens will be inclined to attempt almost any pro-environmental practice that the community educates them on.Australia is another example of a expanse trying to educate its population on green practices. It is not completely clear as to whether Australia is a collectivistic or individualistic society. However, based on the word ,A Case for Establishing a Nationally Based Program for Sustainable Energy and water system Use in the Built Environment An Investigation Into Establishing a Vibrant R, D D cooperative Centre for Energy Efficient Lifestyles, Developmental Patterns, Building Technologies and Building Design Strategies, by Gary Baverstock, I assumed it was another example of a collectivistic country. I base this assumption on the fact that Baverstock writes about the new establishment cal guide the Research Institute for Sustainable Energy, RISE, which promotes the education of citizens on pro-environmental behaviors through a holistic approach. A country whose universit ies are actively involved in educating the populous falls under the sept of a collectivistic society. This, however, does not mean that those who do not attend universities are left behind. The government, communities, and cut back level schools are also a key factors in educating all parts of any country on eco-friendly developments. RISE promotes the development of a Cooperative Research Centre, or CRC, in which universities across the country will educate their students and the public on eco-friendly behaviors. RISE proposes that the CRC needs to be a holistic entity, part of a learning system that takes the community, industry and governance (Baverstock et al 160). However, Australia actually ranks among the top countries in the world for individualism. After seeing this, it makes sense that a program such as RISE be put into place.Among the other exceedingly ranked individualistic countries overall are Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of the States, all cou ntries that are considered rich. Latin American countries typically are more collectivistic but chiefly poverty stricken. beggary stricken areas in the United States are usually populated by minorities, which brings me to my next point of emphasis, race. It is generally concluded in the United States that higher educated people, specifically white males with high income, are more potential to take on eco-friendly initiatives. However, there is now research proving that high levels of pro-environmental action are being proposed by minority groups. In Eugene Uyekis article, Diffusion of pro-environment Attitudes, he claims that minority groups are more likely to be pro-environmental since they are constantly being exposed to the least desirable living areas in the world. These places are typically located near waste plants and industry, which are very passing polluted areas. He then concludes that since they are exposed to so much pollution, they are more inclined to take action a gainst it ( ). The super educated, white male typically lives in the suburbs, a place where there is most likely no effluence of pollution, and therefore he does not see the full effects of pollution. If he cannot see the gnarly effects that occur, then cannot have any desire to fix them.However, minority groups might be more inclined to take on pro-environmental behaviors, but they do not always have the resources to do so. The highly educated white populous can actually take on pro-environmental activities because they have the money and the resources to do so. Still, this does not mean that said action is taken. Irene Tilikidou, who has written many articles on cycle and pro-environmental behavior, used a survey to attempt to collect data on peoples own opinions of their recycling habits. Some conclusions she drew from the survey include that individuals with positive attitudes towards recycling are more likely to participate in it because they are either swayed by self motiva tion or they weigh it is their social responsibility, people who are already involved in the going green revolution are more likely to engage in other pro-environmental activities, and that all nations must recognize the benefit of motivation when it comes to consumer attitudes on going green. However the most important conclusion she drew was that highly educated people are more likely to engage in eco-friendly initiatives. This caught my attention not just because it is contradictory to my point that minority and poverty groups are more likely to engage in eco-friendly initiatives, but also that this was based off of conclusion pinched from a survey. Since surveys have a high potential to being exposed to bias, this survey is no different. The highly educated people who participated in the survey could have reactioned how they thought society expected them to answer rather than bragging(a) the true answer. This reiterates how people are sometimes only claiming to be eco-frien dly when they are actually not doing much if anything to participate in pro-environmental activities.This shouldnt be surprising in the least bit because most people in the present day have been informed of the environmental problems the world is struggling with since childhood. legion(predicate) children would construct or design posters with pictures of either a sick humanity, a slogan promoting pro-environmental behaviors, or anything along those lines. However, what did those children actually do to help the environment after creating these posters or what could they even do to take the actions they promoted? The answer is usually nothing and with nothing could have come a mentality to promote action for or against something without the desire to take truly take action. In The Psychology of Environmental Problems, Deborah Du Nann spend claims pro-environmental attitudes are more established in children and younger people because they are less likely to bring in family income so it is less complicated for them to vocalize their attitudes (Du Nann 61). Donna Lee King, in her book Doing Their Share to Save the Planet, describes exactly what children are doing to promote eco-friendly activities, but doing nothing about it, as well as why children are led to believe they must promote these activities. Children endorse pro-environmental behaviors mostly through their own illustrations of how to help the earth, what the future of the earth was doomed to become if no action was taken, and how they helped to keep the earth clean, but many had no system of carrying out their claims on a broader scale, no knowledge of the true effect of their claims, nor any inclination to sate their claims other than to broadcast them. Her logic for this is that children are led to believe they must advocate going green due through their schooling and the government, and are therefore filled with misinformation ( ). A key aspect of her research was the fact that she divided her observations into subgroups that include location, race, and gender. What she found was that, in the United States, the north was more pro-environmental than the south, girls are more pro-environmental than boys, and poor, b privation children are more pro-environmental than any other race or socio-economic group (King 67). The first subject came as a slight surprise since the northern United States is typically thought of as individualistic and the southern states as collectivistic. My guess is that this is related to the civil war era when the northern states were all about small businesses and working alone to support their families while the south was focused around plantations and working unneurotic to support their family and friends. There is not much research to support this assumption however. The two basic conclusions that King drew in that minority groups are more pro-environmental than other socioeconomic groups and that women are more likely to promote going green th an men did coincide with my previous research. The most important conclusion, nonetheless, is that support for going green is developed at an early age in the present day but pickings steps to perform the actions necessary to complete what children are promoting is lacking.Much of this knowledge of environmental problems but lack of understanding what to do about it can be related to psychology, especially behavioral psychology, which focuses on how the environment plays a major role on how peoples behaviors develop (Du Nann 88). Behaviorism explains through operant conditioning how behaviors can be developed and modified. Operant conditioning involves taking a behavior and reinforcing it either positively or negatively. Positive reinforcement is used when a certain behavior is desired or should be constructive and can be conditioned through rewards for completing beneficial activities. Incentive recycling is an example of this, where the recycling company offers and incentive such as payment or rewards to those who participate in recycling. Negative actions are operations that need to be through with(p) away with through a function called negative punishment. This involves the removal of certain activities in order to promote the action of other activities. Some examples of this include the electric company making electric bills go up so people use learn to use electricity more sparingly, gas stations raising the prices of gasoline causing people to gestate of using alternative travel measures such as hybrid cars, car-pooling, or public transit ( ). It is through operant conditioning that we can educate the present and future generations on how to bring about positive change to the environmental problems surrounding us. Positive reinforcement should be applied to those who are actively take part in going green as well as those who are not so that everyone has an incentive to take pro-environmental action. Negative reinforcement should be applied to those who promote without taking action, such as giving them the resources they need in order to practice what they preach. According to Deborah Du Nann Winter, negative reinforcement should be carried out through three types of discriminative stimuli prompts, information, and modeling (Du Nann Winter 97). Prompts are signals that communicate what actions are appropriate, including self-reminders to take out the reuse at the appropriate time (Du Nann Winter 97). Information refers to explaining procedures are providing examples of eco-friendly acts such as commercials promoting use of geothermal energy or riding a bicycle instead of driving a car. pattern involves actions done in public that are then mimicked by others who saw the action take place. This can be as small as picking up a piece of litter in the park.Modeling in behaviorism relates largely to social psychology, the study of how society influences an individuals decisions (Du Nann Winter 56). golf club has always been a fact or in manufacturing individuals decisions. It influences career choices, relationships, and especially eco-friendly activities. Many pro-environmental decisions are made because sometime society causes people to find uncomfortable in such a way that individuals believe they must get rid of that feeling, also known as cognitive dissonance (Du Nann Winter 57). The main way of doing this is by the individual doing what they think society will be most agreeable of. Take the example of the person who picks up a piece of litter in the park. Many of those who watched this person while they were picking up the litter will be influenced in some way. They will either mimic the action taking place at another point in time because they feel that society will accept them for it, or they feel that society will not scrutinize them if they do not do the same, and example of S.H. Schwartzs norm activation theory in Rama Mohana R. Turagas article Pro-environmental Behavior Rational Choice Meets Mor al Motivation. Norm activation theory is composed of two aspects, ken of consequences and ascription of responsibility. Awareness of consequences is described such as an individual must heed the consequences of their actions as it affects the upbeat of others, such as not smoking in public, while ascription of responsibility is the drive that compels an individual to take on those actions, such as an incentive for recycling. Another example of cognitive dissonance at work is the survey conducted by Irene Tilikidou that was previously discussed. Those highly educated individuals who answered that they are very eco-friendly could have been performing under the influence of cognitive dissonance in order to stay humbled in the public eye.The main factors that contribute to cognitive dissonance are social norms. A norm is and implicit rule, an foresight about what kind of behavior is appropriate in a given situation (Du Nann Winter 67). Environmental social norms are typically positiv e, in which the public expects others to participate in activities that are environmentally sound. However, not all actions are based on social norms. According to Freudian theory, people act of instincts and unconscious(p) drives. Yes these instincts are sometimes socially acceptable because they follow the social norm, but this is not always the case. Some peoples instincts allow them to act differently than society expects them to. These unconscious drives have no causality other than an inner force compelling individuals to act instinctively or give themselves untrue rationales for their actions. . For example, someone throws an item that could be recycled into the trash based on the untrue rationale that their one item is undistinguished and will have no major consequence upon the earth. They however forget that many people think like this because we all have similar human instincts. This could mean that in one day, if half of the people in the United States threw away one item that could have been recycled, over 150,000 pieces of recycle would have been added to the massive garbage dumps each day.Garbage dumps are a one of the biggest problems in America today and it continues to be a global problem (Bacard 43). This is only one aspect of pollution as a whole which is an ever increasing commodity around the world as well. Pollution is notwithstanding exponentially increased by deforestation to build industry, oil dumping by not only large corporations but individuals as well, and increased use of individual transit instead of public transit. People who operate landfills claim that people will throw away almost anything which in turn causes there to be increasing amounts of damage. This carelessness could be attributed to the fact that people in individualistic countries throw away items without considering the benefits another person might have from it. Collectivistic countries, typically poor countries, need to use all the resources they have and share what they dont use to maintain a steady and beneficial way of life. Location also affects pollution. For example, if a person lives in the slums, they are constantly exposed to pollution in the streets, at their job, and possibly even at their home. This kind of an environment might allow a person to think they are following the social norms of their society when they contribute to this litter. Also, they might be so overwhelmed and over-exposed to this pollution that they begin to advocate against it. Each of these outcomes can be determined by whether the society they live in is individualistic or collectivistic, as well as whether the person is male or female.